Ihe mkpuchi lithium niobate dị gịrịgịrị na ihe mkpuchi lithium niobate dị gịrịgịrị

Uru na mkpa nke lithium niobate dị gịrịgịrị na teknụzụ photon microwave agbakwunyere

Teknụzụ foton na ngwa ndakwa nrinwere uru nke nnukwu bandwidth ọrụ, ikike nhazi siri ike na obere mfu nnyefe, nke nwere ike imebi nsogbu teknụzụ nke sistemụ microwave ọdịnala ma melite arụmọrụ nke akụrụngwa ozi eletrọniki agha dịka radar, agha eletrọniki, nkwukọrịta na nha na njikwa. Agbanyeghị, sistemụ photon microwave dabere na ngwaọrụ dị iche iche nwere ụfọdụ nsogbu dịka nnukwu olu, ibu dị arọ na enweghị nkwụsi ike, nke na-egbochi ojiji nke teknụzụ photon microwave nke ukwuu na nyiwe ikuku na mbara igwe. Ya mere, teknụzụ photon microwave agbakwunyere na-aghọ ihe nkwado dị mkpa iji mebie ojiji nke photon microwave na sistemụ ozi eletrọniki agha ma nye uru zuru oke nke teknụzụ photon microwave.

Ugbu a, teknụzụ njikọta fotonik nke dabere na SI na teknụzụ njikọta fotonik nke dabere na INP aghọọla ndị tozuru oke mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke mmepe n'ọhịa nkwukọrịta anya, etinyekwala ọtụtụ ngwaahịa n'ahịa. Agbanyeghị, maka itinye foton microwave, enwere nsogbu ụfọdụ na ụdị teknụzụ njikọta foton abụọ a: dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọnụọgụgụ electro-optical nke Si modulator na InP modulator megidere nnukwu njirimara dị elu na nnukwu ike nke teknụzụ photon microwave na-achụ; Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgba ọkụ silicon nke na-enweta mgbanwe ụzọ anya, ma ọ dabere na mmetụta okpomọkụ-optical, mmetụta piezoelectric, ma ọ bụ mmetụta mgbasa nke injection carrier, nwere nsogbu nke ọsọ mgbanwe nwayọ, oriri ike na oriri okpomọkụ, nke na-enweghị ike izute nyocha ọkụ ngwa ngwa na ngwa photon microwave nnukwu nhazi.

Lithium niobate abụrụla nhọrọ mbụ maka ọsọ dị elu mgbe niilemgbanwe elektrọ-opticihe ndị a n'ihi na ha nwere ezigbo mmetụta electro-optic linear. Agbanyeghị, lithium niobate ọdịnala ahụ.ihe na-eme ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ elektrọnik rụọ ọrụEjiri nnukwu ihe kristal lithium niobate mee ya, nha ngwaọrụ ahụ dịkwa oke ibu, nke na-enweghị ike igbo mkpa nke teknụzụ microwave photon agbakwunyere. Otu esi ejikọta ihe lithium niobate na ọnụọgụ electro-optical linear n'ime sistemụ teknụzụ microwave photon agbakwunyere abụrụla ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ndị nchọpụta dị mkpa. Na 2018, otu ndị nyocha si Mahadum Harvard dị na United States buru ụzọ kọọ teknụzụ njikọta photonic dabere na obere fim lithium niobate na Nature, n'ihi na teknụzụ ahụ nwere uru nke njikọta dị elu, nnukwu bandwidth modulation electro-optical, na oke linearity nke mmetụta electro-optical, ozugbo ewepụtara ya, o mere ozugbo ka a mata agụmakwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'ọhịa nke njikọta photonic na microwave photonics. Site n'echiche nke ngwa microwave photon, akwụkwọ a na-enyocha mmetụta na mkpa nke teknụzụ njikọta photon dabere na obere fim lithium niobate na mmepe nke teknụzụ microwave photon.

Ihe mkpuchi lithium niobate dị gịrịgịrị na ihe nkiri dị gịrịgịrịihe na-eme ka lithium niobate modulator dị
N'ime afọ abụọ gara aga, ụdị ihe lithium niobate ọhụrụ apụtala, ya bụ, a na-ewepụ ihe nkiri lithium niobate site na nnukwu kristal lithium niobate site na usoro "ịcha ion" ma jikọta ya na Si wafer na akwa silica buffer iji mepụta ihe LNOI (LiNbO3-On-Insulator) [5], nke a na-akpọ ihe nkiri lithium niobate dị gịrịgịrị na akwụkwọ a. Enwere ike ịdepụta ndị ndu mmiri nwere elu karịa nanometers 100 na ihe mkpuchi lithium niobate dị gịrịgịrị site na usoro ịcha akọrọ kachasị mma, ọdịiche dị irè nke ndị ndu mmiri nke e guzobere nwere ike iru ihe karịrị 0.8 (dị elu karịa ọdịiche index refractive nke ndị ndu mmiri lithium niobate ọdịnala nke 0.02), dịka egosiri na Foto 1. Ntuziaka wave nke a kpaara ókè na-eme ka ọ dịrị mfe ijikọ ubi ọkụ na ubi microwave mgbe ị na-emepụta modulator. Ya mere, ọ bara uru inweta obere voltaji ọkara-ebili mmiri na nnukwu bandwit modulation n'ogologo dị mkpụmkpụ.

Ọdịdị nke obere lithium niobate submicron waveguide na-agbaji obere voltaji dị elu nke lithium niobate electro-optic modulator. Enwere ike ibelata oghere electrode na ~ 5 μm, njikọta dị n'etiti ubi eletriki na ubi ụdị optical na-abawanye nke ukwuu, vπ · L na-ebelata site na ihe karịrị 20 V·cm ruo ihe na-erughị 2.8 V·cm. Ya mere, n'okpuru otu voltaji ọkara-ebili, ogologo ngwaọrụ ahụ nwere ike ibelata nke ukwuu ma e jiri ya tụnyere modulator ọdịnala. N'otu oge ahụ, mgbe emechara ka paramita nke obosara, ọkpụrụkpụ na oge nke electrode ebili mmiri na-agagharị, dịka egosiri na eserese ahụ, modulator nwere ike inwe ikike nke bandwidth modulation dị elu karịa 100 GHz.

Fig.1 (a) nkesa ụdị agbakọrọ na （b) onyonyo nke akụkụ obe nke ntuziaka ebili mmiri LN

Fig.2 (a) Nhazi nke nduzi ebili mmiri na elektrọd na （b) isi ihe nke LN modulator

Ntụnyere nke ihe ndị na-eme ka lithium niobate dị gịrịgịrị na ihe ndị na-eme ka lithium niobate dị ka ihe ndị na-eme ka azụmahịa dị na lithium niobate dị mma, ihe ndị na-eme ka silicon dị na silicon na ihe ndị na-eme ka indium phosphide (InP) dị ngwa ngwa na ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka electro-optical dị elu dị ugbu a, ihe ndị bụ isi nke ntụnyere ahụ gụnyere:
(1) Ngwaahịa ogologo volt ọkara-ebili (vπ ·L, V·cm), na-atụle arụmọrụ modulator nke modulator, ka uru ya pere mpe, ka arụmọrụ modulation ka elu;
(2) 3 dB modulation bandwit (GHz), nke na-atụle nzaghachi nke modulator na modulation ugboro ugboro dị elu;
(3) Mfu ntinye anya (dB) na mpaghara modulation. A pụrụ ịhụ site na tebụl na ihe modulator lithium niobate dị gịrịgịrị nwere uru doro anya na bandwidth modulation, voltaji ọkara-ebili, mfu interpolation optical na ndị ọzọ.

A na-emepụta silicon, dị ka isi ihe dị mkpa nke optoelectronics agbakọtara, ruo ugbu a, usoro a etoola, obere nhazi ya na-enyere aka na njikọta buru ibu nke ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ/na-agafe agafe, a na-amụkwa modulator ya nke ọma n'ọhịa nkwukọrịta anya. Usoro nhazi electro-optical nke silicon bụ isi ihe na-ebu ibu, ntinye ihe na mkpokọta ihe na-ebu ibu. N'ime ha, bandwit nke modulator kacha mma na usoro mbelata ihe na-ebu ibu nke linear, mana n'ihi na nkesa ubi anya na-adakọ na enweghị otu nke mpaghara mbelata, mmetụta a ga-ewebata mgbagọ nke usoro nke abụọ na-abụghị ahịrị na okwu mgbagọ nke usoro nke atọ, yana mmetụta nnabata nke ihe na-ebu ibu na ìhè, nke ga-eduga na mbelata nke amplitude modulation optical na mgbagọ mgbaàmà.

Modulator InP nwere mmetụta electro-optical pụrụ iche, nhazi olulu quantum dị iche iche nwere ike ime ka modulators voltaji dị elu na obere ọsọ na-anya ụgbọala dị ala na Vπ·L ruo 0.156V · mm. Agbanyeghị, mgbanwe nke index refractive na ubi eletriki gụnyere okwu ahịrị na nke na-abụghị ahịrị, mmụba nke ike ubi eletriki ga-eme ka mmetụta nke abụọ pụta ìhè. Ya mere, silicon na InP electro-optic modulators kwesịrị itinye echiche iji mepụta njikọ pn mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ, njikọ pn ga-eweta mfu absorption na ìhè. Agbanyeghị, nha modulator nke abụọ a dị obere, nha modulator InP azụmahịa bụ 1/4 nke modulator LN. Arụmọrụ modulation dị elu, dabara adaba maka netwọk nnyefe dijitalụ dị elu na obere anya dị ka ebe data. Mmetụta electro-optical nke lithium niobate enweghị usoro nnabata ìhè na obere mfu, nke dabara adaba maka njikọ anya dị anya dị anya.nkwukọrịta anyanwere nnukwu ikike na oke ọsọ. N'iji ngwa foton na microwave, ọnụọgụgụ electro-optical nke Si na InP abụghị nke kwụ ọtọ, nke na-adabaghị adaba maka sistemụ foton na microwave nke na-agbaso usoro dị elu na nnukwu ike. Ihe lithium niobate dị mma nke ukwuu maka itinye foton na microwave n'ihi oke nhazi electro-optic ya kpamkpam.