Uru na uru nke ihe nkiri dị gịrịgịrị lithium niobate na teknụzụ foton microwave agbakwunyere
Teknụzụ foto nke Microwavenwere uru nke nnukwu na-arụ ọrụ bandwit, ike yiri nhazi ikike na ala nnyefe ọnwụ, nke nwere ike imebi teknuzu bottleneck nke omenala ngwa ndakwa nri usoro na melite arụmọrụ nke agha ngwá electronic ozi dị ka radar, electronic warfare, nkwurịta okwu na nha na njikwa. Otú ọ dị, usoro foton microwave nke dabeere na ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche nwere ụfọdụ nsogbu dị ka nnukwu olu, ịdị arọ dị arọ na nkwụsi ike na-adịghị mma, nke na-egbochi ngwa ngwa nke teknụzụ foton microwave na mbara igwe na ikuku. Ya mere, teknụzụ foton ngwa ndakwa nri agbakwunyere na-aghọ ihe nkwado dị mkpa iji mebie ngwa nke foton ngwa ndakwa nri na sistemụ ozi eletrọnịkị nke agha ma nye egwuregwu zuru oke na uru nke teknụzụ foto microwave.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, teknụzụ ntinye foto nke dabeere na SI na teknụzụ ntinye foto nke dabeere na INP na-etowanyewanye mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke mmepe na ngalaba nke nkwurịta okwu anya, na-etinyekwa ọtụtụ ngwaahịa n'ahịa. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ngwa nke ngwa ndakwa nri photon, e nwere ụfọdụ nsogbu na ndị a abụọ ụdị nke photon mwekota teknụzụ: dị ka ihe atụ, ndị na-abụghị nke electro-optical ọnụọgụ nke Si modulator na InP modulator megidere elu linearity na nnukwu ike àgwà na-achụso microwave photon technology; Dị ka ihe atụ, silicon ngwa anya mgba ọkụ na-aghọta ngwa anya ụzọ ịmafe, ma dabere na thermal-optical mmetụta, piezoelectric mmetụta, ma ọ bụ ụgbọelu injection dispersion mmetụta, nwere nsogbu nke ngwa ngwa ịmafe ọsọ, ike oriri na okpomọkụ oriri, nke na-enweghị ike izute ngwa ngwa ibé scanning na nnukwu n'usoro n'usoro ngwa ngwa ngwa foto foto.
Lithium niobate bụ nhọrọ mbụ maka oke ọsọelectro optic modulationihe n'ihi na ya magburu onwe linear electro-optic mmetụta. Agbanyeghị, lithium niobate ọdịnalaelectro-optical modulatorbụ nke nnukwu lithium niobate kristal kristal, na nha ngwaọrụ dị nnọọ ukwuu, nke na-enweghị ike izute mkpa nke integrated microwave photon technology. Otu esi ejikọta ihe lithium niobate na ọnụọgụ electro-optical ọnụọgụ n'ime usoro teknụzụ foton ngwa ndakwa nri aghọọla ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ndị nchọpụta dị mkpa. N'afọ 2018, otu ndị nyocha sitere na Mahadum Harvard dị na United States buru ụzọ kọwaa teknụzụ ntinye fotonic dabere na ihe nkiri lithium niobate dị mkpa na Nature, n'ihi na teknụzụ nwere uru nke njikọta dị elu, nnukwu eriri igwe eletrọnịkị, yana linearity nke mmetụta eletrọnịkị, ozugbo ewepụtara ya, ozugbo butere nlebara anya agụmakwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ngalaba nke njikọta fotonic na ngwa ndakwa nri. Site n'echiche nke ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa foton, akwụkwọ a na-enyocha mmetụta na uru teknụzụ ntinye foton dabere na ihe nkiri dị gịrịgịrị lithium niobate na mmepe nke teknụzụ microwave photon.
Ihe nkiri lithium niobate dị mkpa na ihe nkiri dị mkpalithium niobate modulator
N'ime afọ abụọ na-adịbeghị anya, ụdị ụdị lithium niobate ọhụrụ apụtala, ya bụ, ihe nkiri lithium niobate na-ekpochapụ site na nnukwu lithium niobate crystal site na usoro nke "ion slicing" ma jikọta ya na Si wafer na akwa mkpuchi silica iji mepụta LNOI (LiNbO3-On-Insulator, nke a na-akpọ ihe na-emepụta ihe na ihe nkiri 5). Ridge waveguides na elu nke ihe karịrị 100 nanometers nwere ike etched na mkpa film lithium niobate ihe site kacha akọrọ etching usoro, na irè refractive index iche nke waveguides guzobere nwere ike iru ihe karịrị 0.8 (n'ebe dị elu karịa refractive index iche nke omenala lithium niobate waveguides nke 0.02 na-eme ka ike na-egosi na Figures). dakọtara oghere ọkụ na oghere microwave mgbe ị na-emepụta modulator. N'ihi ya, ọ bara uru iji nweta obere voltaji ọkara-efegharị na nnukwu bandwit modulation n'ogologo dị mkpụmkpụ.
Ọdịdị nke lithium niobate submicron waveguide na-efu dị ala na-agbaji ọkpọkọ voltaji ịnya ụgbọ ala dị elu nke modulator lithium niobate electro-optic ọdịnala. Enwere ike ibelata oghere electrode ka ~ 5 μm, na ndakọrịta n'etiti oghere eletrik na mpaghara ọnọdụ anya na-abawanye nke ukwuu, na vπ · L na-ebelata site na ihe karịrị 20 V·cm ruo ihe na-erughị 2.8 V·cm. Ya mere, n'okpuru otu voltaji ọkara ebili mmiri, ogologo ngwaọrụ nwere ike belata nke ukwuu ma e jiri ya tụnyere modulator omenala. N'otu oge ahụ, mgbe optimizing parameters nke obosara, ọkpụrụkpụ na etiti oge nke na-ejegharị ejegharị ebili mmiri electrode, dị ka e gosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ, modulator nwere ike inwe ike nke ultra-high modulation bandwit karịa 100 GHz.
Fig.1 (a) gbakọọ ọnọdụ nkesa na (b) oyiyi nke cross-ngalaba nke LN waveguide
Fig.2 (a) Waveguide na electrode Ọdịdị na (b) isi nke LN modulator
Ntụle nke obere ihe nkiri lithium niobate modulators na omenala lithium niobate azụmahịa modulators, modulators silicon based modulators na indium phosphide (InP) modulators na ndị ọzọ dị elu-ọsọ electro-optical modulators, isi paramita nke ntụnyere gụnyere:
(1) Ọkara-wave volt ngwaahịa ogologo (vπ · L, V·cm), na-atụle arụmọrụ modulation nke modulator, ntakịrị uru, na-eme ka arụmọrụ modulation dịkwuo elu;
(2) 3 dB modulation bandwit (GHz), nke na-atụle nzaghachi nke modulator na mgbanwe mgbanwe dị elu;
(3) Ọnwụ ntinye anya (dB) na mpaghara modulation. Enwere ike ịhụ site na tebụl na ihe nkiri lithium niobate modulator dị mkpa nwere uru doro anya na bandwit modulation, voltaji ọkara ebili mmiri, ọnwụ interpolation anya na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Silicon, dị ka isi nkuku nke optoelectronics agbakwunyere, ka emepụtara ka ọ dị ugbu a, usoro ahụ tozuru oke, obere ihe ya na-eme ka ntinye aka dị ukwuu nke ngwaọrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ / nke na-agafe agafe, na modulator amụbawo nke ukwuu na nke miri emi n'ọhịa nke nkwurịta okwu anya. Usoro mgbanwe igwe eletrọnịkị nke silik bụ nke kachasị ihe nbibi nke ụgbọ ala, ịgba ntụtụ na-ebu na mkpokọta ihe. N'ime ha, bandwit nke modulator dị mma na usoro nkwụsị nke onye na-ebu ụgbọ elu linear, ma n'ihi na nkesa ngwa anya na-ejikọta ya na enweghị ọdịdị nke mpaghara mmebi ahụ, mmetụta a ga-ewebata mgbagwoju anya nke abụọ na usoro mgbagwoju anya nke atọ, tinyere mmetụta absorption nke onye na-ebu na-ebu na ìhè, nke ga-eduga n'ịbelata nkwụsịtụ na mgbama.
The InP modulator nwere pụtara ìhè electro-optical mmetụta, na multi-layer quantum ọma Ọdịdị nwere ike ịghọta ultra-elu ọnụego na ala ịnya ụgbọ ala voltaji modulators na Vπ·L ruo 0.156V · mm. Otú ọ dị, mgbanwe nke refractive index na eletrik eletrik na-agụnye usoro ahịrị na nke na-abụghị nke okwu, na mmụba nke ọkụ eletrik ga-eme ka mmetụta nke abụọ pụta ìhè. Ya mere, silicon na InP electro-optic modulators kwesịrị itinye nhụsianya iji mepụta pn junction mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ, na pn junction ga-eweta mfu absorption na ìhè. Agbanyeghị, nha modulator nke abụọ a dị obere, nha InP modulator azụmahịa bụ 1/4 nke modulator LN. Nrụmọrụ modulation dị elu, dabara maka njupụta dị elu na netwọ mgbasa ozi anya dijitalụ dị mkpụmkpụ dị ka ebe data. Mmetụta electro-optical nke lithium niobate enweghị usoro mmịpụta ọkụ na mfu dị ala, nke dabara adaba maka ịdị ogologo oge.ngwa anya nkwurịta okwuna nnukwu ikike na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu. N'ime ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa foton, ọnụọgụ electro-optical coefficients nke Si na InP adịghị adị, nke na-adabaghị maka usoro foton microwave nke na-achụso elu linearity na nnukwu ike. Akụrụngwa lithium niobate dabara adaba maka ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa foton n'ihi ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ elektrọ-optic ya zuru oke.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-22-2024