Ihe nkiri lithium niobate dị mkpa na ihe nkiri dị mkpa na lithium niobate modulator

Uru na uru nke ihe nkiri dị gịrịgịrị lithium niobate na teknụzụ foton microwave agbakwunyere

Teknụzụ foto nke Microwavenwere uru nke nnukwu bandwit na-arụ ọrụ, ikike nhazi nhazi siri ike na nkwụsị nnyefe dị ala, nke nwere ike imebi teknuzu teknụzụ nke usoro ngwa ngwa ngwa ọdịnala ma melite arụmọrụ nke ngwá ọrụ ozi kọmputa ndị agha dị ka radar, agha electronic, nkwurịta okwu na nha na nha. njikwa. Otú ọ dị, usoro foton microwave nke dabeere na ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche nwere ụfọdụ nsogbu dị ka nnukwu olu, ịdị arọ dị arọ na nkwụsi ike na-adịghị mma, nke na-egbochi ngwa ngwa nke teknụzụ foton microwave na mbara igwe na ikuku. Ya mere, teknụzụ foton ngwa ndakwa nri agbakwunyere na-aghọ ihe nkwado dị mkpa iji mebie ngwa nke foton ngwa ndakwa nri na sistemụ ozi eletrọnịkị nke agha ma nye egwuregwu zuru oke na uru nke teknụzụ foto microwave.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, teknụzụ ntinye foto nke dabeere na SI na teknụzụ ntinye foto nke dabeere na INP na-etowanyewanye mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke mmepe na ngalaba nke nkwurịta okwu anya, na-etinyekwa ọtụtụ ngwaahịa n'ahịa. Otú ọ dị, maka ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa foton, enwere ụfọdụ nsogbu na ụdị abụọ a nke teknụzụ ntinye foton: dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọnụọgụ electro-optical nke Si modulator na InP modulator megidere oke linearity na nnukwu àgwà ike na-achụso microwave. teknụzụ foto; Dị ka ihe atụ, silicon ngwa anya mgba ọkụ na-aghọta ngwa anya ụzọ ịmafe, ma dabere na thermal-optical mmetụta, piezoelectric mmetụta, ma ọ bụ ụgbọelu injection dispersion mmetụta, nwere nsogbu nke ngwa ngwa ịmafe ọsọ, ike oriri na okpomọkụ oriri, nke na-enweghị ike izute ngwa ngwa. nyocha beam na nnukwu ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa foton.

Lithium niobate bụ nhọrọ mbụ maka oke ọsọelectro optic modulationihe n'ihi na ya magburu onwe linear electro-optic mmetụta. Agbanyeghị, lithium niobate ọdịnalaelectro-optical modulatorbụ nke nnukwu lithium niobate kristal kristal, na nha ngwaọrụ dị nnọọ ukwuu, nke na-enweghị ike izute mkpa nke integrated microwave photon technology. Otu esi ejikọta ihe lithium niobate na ọnụọgụ electro-optical ọnụọgụ n'ime usoro teknụzụ foton ngwa ndakwa nri aghọọla ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ndị nchọpụta dị mkpa. Na 2018, otu ndị nyocha sitere na Mahadum Harvard dị na United States buru ụzọ kọọ teknụzụ ntinye nke photonic dabere na ihe nkiri dị mkpa nke lithium niobate na Nature, n'ihi na teknụzụ nwere uru dị na njikọta dị elu, nnukwu bandwidth modul electro-optical modulation, yana linearity nke electro. -optical mmetụta, ozugbo ulo oru, ọ ozugbo mere ka agụmakwụkwọ na ulo oru anya na ubi nke photonic mwekota na ngwa ndakwa nri photonics. Site n'echiche nke ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa foton, akwụkwọ a na-enyocha mmetụta na uru teknụzụ ntinye foton dabere na ihe nkiri dị gịrịgịrị lithium niobate na mmepe nke teknụzụ microwave photon.

Ihe nkiri lithium niobate dị mkpa na ihe nkiri dị mkpalithium niobate modulator
N'ime afọ abụọ na-adịbeghị anya, ụdị lithium niobate ọhụrụ apụtala, ya bụ, a na-ewepụ ihe nkiri lithium niobate site na nnukwu lithium niobate kristal site na usoro nke "ion slicing" ma jikọta ya na Si wafer na akwa mkpuchi silica. ụdị LNOI (LiNbO3-On-Insulator) ihe [5], nke a na-akpọ mkpa ihe nkiri lithium niobate ihe n'ime akwụkwọ a. Ridge waveguides nwere ịdị elu nke ihe karịrị 100 nanometers nwere ike ịtinye na ihe nkiri lithium niobate dị mkpa site na nhazi usoro etching akọrọ nke ọma, yana ọdịiche ntụgharị ntụgharị dị mma nke ebili mmiri guzobere nwere ike iru karịa 0.8 (nke dị elu karịa ọdịiche ntụgharị ntụgharị nke ọdịnala. lithium niobate waveguides nke 0.02), dị ka e gosiri na Figure 1. The ike mmachibidoro waveguide na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe dakọtara na ìhè ubi na microwave mgbe emebe modulator. N'ihi ya, ọ bara uru iji nweta obere voltaji ọkara-efegharị na nnukwu bandwit modulation n'ogologo dị mkpụmkpụ.

Ọdịdị nke lithium niobate submicron waveguide na-efu dị ala na-agbaji ọkpọkọ voltaji ịnya ụgbọ ala dị elu nke modulator lithium niobate electro-optic ọdịnala. Enwere ike ibelata oghere electrode ka ~ 5 μm, na ndakọrịta n'etiti oghere eletrik na mpaghara ọnọdụ anya na-abawanye nke ukwuu, na vπ · L na-ebelata site na ihe karịrị 20 V·cm ruo ihe na-erughị 2.8 V·cm. Ya mere, n'okpuru otu voltaji ọkara ebili mmiri, ogologo ngwaọrụ nwere ike belata nke ukwuu ma e jiri ya tụnyere modulator omenala. N'otu oge ahụ, mgbe optimizing parameters nke obosara, ọkpụrụkpụ na etiti oge nke na-ejegharị ejegharị ebili mmiri electrode, dị ka e gosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ, modulator nwere ike inwe ike nke ultra-high modulation bandwit karịa 100 GHz.

Fig.1 (a) gbakọọ ọnọdụ nkesa na (b) oyiyi nke cross-ngalaba nke LN waveguide

Fig.2 (a) Waveguide na electrode Ọdịdị na (b) isi nke LN modulator

Ntụle nke obere ihe nkiri lithium niobate modulators na omenala lithium niobate azụmahịa modulators, modulators silicon based modulators na indium phosphide (InP) modulators na ndị ọzọ dị elu-ọsọ electro-optical modulators, isi paramita nke ntụnyere gụnyere:
(1) Ọkara-wave volt ngwaahịa ogologo (vπ · L, V·cm), na-atụle arụmọrụ modulation nke modulator, ntakịrị uru, na-eme ka arụmọrụ modulation dịkwuo elu;
(2) 3 dB modulation bandwit (GHz), nke na-atụle nzaghachi nke modulator na mgbanwe mgbanwe dị elu;
(3) Ọnwụ ntinye anya (dB) na mpaghara modulation. Enwere ike ịhụ site na tebụl na ihe nkiri lithium niobate modulator dị mkpa nwere uru doro anya na bandwit modulation, voltaji ọkara ebili mmiri, ọnwụ interpolation anya na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Silicon, dị ka isi nkuku nke optoelectronics agbakwunyere, ka emepụtara ka ọ dị ugbu a, usoro a tozuru oke, obere ihe ya na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ / nke na-agafe agafe, na modulator amụbaala nke ukwuu na nke miri emi n'ọhịa nke ngwa anya. nzikọrịta ozi. Usoro mgbanwe igwe eletrọnịkị nke silik bụ nke kachasi ihe nbibi, ogbugba ogbunigwe na mkpokọ ụgbọelu. N'ime ha, bandwit nke modulator bụ ihe kachasị mma na usoro nkwụsị nke onye na-ebu ụgbọ elu linear, ma n'ihi na nkesa oghere anya na-ejikọta ya na ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe nke mpaghara mmebi ahụ, mmetụta a ga-ewebata mgbagwoju anya nke abụọ na usoro nke atọ na mgbagwoju anya intermodulation. okwu, tinyere mmetụta absorption nke onye na-ebu ya na ọkụ, nke ga-eduga na mbelata nke njupụta modulation anya na mgbagha mgbagha.

The InP modulator nwere pụtara ìhè electro-optical mmetụta, na multi-layer quantum ọma Ọdịdị nwere ike ịghọta ultra-elu ọnụego na ala ịnya ụgbọ ala voltaji modulators na Vπ·L ruo 0.156V · mm. Otú ọ dị, mgbanwe nke refractive index na eletrik eletrik na-agụnye usoro ahịrị na nke na-abụghị nke okwu, na mmụba nke ọkụ eletrik ga-eme ka mmetụta nke abụọ pụta ìhè. Ya mere, silicon na InP electro-optic modulators kwesịrị itinye nhụsianya iji mepụta pn junction mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ, na pn junction ga-eweta mfu absorption na ìhè. Agbanyeghị, nha modulator nke abụọ a dị obere, nha InP modulator azụmahịa bụ 1/4 nke modulator LN. Nrụmọrụ modulation dị elu, dabara maka njupụta dị elu na netwọ mgbasa ozi anya dijitalụ dị mkpụmkpụ dị ka ebe data. Mmetụta electro-optical nke lithium niobate enweghị usoro mmịpụta ọkụ na mfu dị ala, nke dabara adaba maka ịdị ogologo oge.ngwa anya nkwurịta okwuna nnukwu ikike na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu. N'ime ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa foton, ọnụọgụ electro-optical coefficients nke Si na InP adịghị adị, nke na-adabaghị maka usoro foton microwave nke na-achụso elu linearity na nnukwu ike. Akụrụngwa lithium niobate dabara adaba maka ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa foton n'ihi ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ elektrọ-optic ya zuru oke.