Nzikọrịta Quantum bụ akụkụ etiti nke teknụzụ ozi gbasara quantum.Ọ nwere uru nke nzuzo zuru oke, ikike nkwurịta okwu buru ibu, ọsọ nnyefe ngwa ngwa, na ihe ndị ọzọ.Ọ nwere ike mezue akpan akpan aga-eme na oge gboo nkwurịta okwu na-apụghị imezu.Nkwukọrịta nke Quantum nwere ike iji usoro igodo nkeonwe, nke enweghị ike ịkọwapụta iji ghọta ezi echiche nke nzikọrịta ozi echekwara, ya mere nkwurịta okwu quantum aghọwo ihe mbụ nke sayensị na teknụzụ na ụwa.Nzikọrịta Quantum na-eji steeti quantum dị ka ihe ozi iji ghọta mgbasa ozi dị mma.Ọ bụ mgbanwe ọzọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkwurịta okwu mgbe ekwentị na ngwa anya nkwurịta okwu.
Ihe ndị bụ isi nke nkwukọrịta quantum:
Nkesa igodo nzuzo Quantum:
A naghị eji nkesa igodo nzuzo Quantum bufee ọdịnaya nzuzo.N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ bụ iji guzobe na kpakọrịta akwụkwọ, ya bụ, ikenye igodo nzuzo n'akụkụ abụọ nke nzikọrịta ozi nkeonwe, nke a na-akpọkarị quantum cryptography Communication.
N'afọ 1984, Bennett nke United States na brassart nke Canada tụpụtara ụkpụrụ BB84, nke na-eji quantum bits dị ka ndị na-ebu ozi na-edobe steeti quantum site n'iji njirimara polarization nke ìhè iji ghọta ọgbọ na nchekwa nkesa igodo nzuzo.N'afọ 1992, Bennett tụpụtara ụkpụrụ B92 dabere na steeti ọnụọgụ abụọ na-abụghị nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mfe na ọkara arụmọrụ.Atụmatụ abụọ a gbadoro ụkwụ na otu ma ọ bụ karịa steti nke orthogonal na nonorthogonal otu quantum steeti.N'ikpeazụ, n'afọ 1991, Ekert nke UK tụrụ aro E91 dabere n'ọnọdụ njikọ oke nke akụkụ abụọ, ya bụ ụzọ EPR.
N'afọ 1998, a tụpụtara atụmatụ nzikọrịta ozi nke steeti isii ọzọ maka nhọpụta polarization na ntọala atọ jikọtara ọnụ nke mejupụtara steeti polarization anọ na aka ekpe na ntụgharị kwesịrị ekwesị na protocol BB84.Egosiputara protocol BB84 ka ọ bụrụ usoro nkesa dị oke egwu, nke onye ọ bụla emebibeghị ruo ugbu a.Ụkpụrụ nke ejighị n'aka nke quantum na quantum na-abụghị cloning na-ahụ maka nchekwa ya zuru oke.Ya mere, protocol EPR nwere uru usoro ọmụmụ dị mkpa.Ọ na-ejikọta steeti quantum agbakwunyere na nzikọrịta ozi quantum echedoro ma mepee ụzọ ọhụrụ maka nzikọrịta ozi quantum echekwara.
teleportation quantum:
Ozizi nke quantum teleportation nke Bennett na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ndị ọzọ tụpụtara na mba isii na 1993 bụ ụdị mgbasa ozi dị ọcha nke na-eji ọwa nke ọnụọgụ abụọ kacha ejikọta ọnụ na-ebufe steeti quantum amaghi ama, na ihe ịga nke ọma nke teleportation ga-eru 100% [ 2].
N'afọ 199, a.Otu Zeilinger nke Austria mezuru nkwenye nnwale izizi nke ụkpụrụ nke teleportation quantum n'ụlọ nyocha.N'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, nkata dị otú ahụ na-apụtakarị: onye dị omimi na-apụ na mberede n'otu ebe na mberede yiri ebe.Agbanyeghị, n'ihi na teleportation quantum na-emebi ụkpụrụ nke quantum non-cloning na ejighị n'aka Heisenberg na arụ ọrụ quantum, ọ bụ naanị ụdị akụkọ ifo sayensị na nkwukọrịta oge gboo.
Agbanyeghị, ewebata echiche pụrụiche nke quantum entanglement n'ime nzikọrịta ozi nke quantum, nke na-ekewa ozi steeti ọnụọgụgụ amaghi ama nke izizi ụzọ abụọ: ozi quantum na ozi oge gboo, nke mere ka ọrụ ebube a dị egwu mee.Ozi Quantum bụ ozi ewepụtaraghị na usoro nha, yana ozi oge gboo bụ nha izizi.
Ọganihu na nkwukọrịta quantum:
Kemgbe 1994, nzikọrịta ozi quantum ejirila nke nta nke nta bata n'ọkwa nnwale wee na-aga n'ihu na ebumnuche bara uru, nke nwere uru mmepe mara mma na uru akụ na ụba.N'afọ 1997, Pan Jianwei, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eto eto nke China, na bow meister, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị Dutch, nwalere wee chọpụta na mgbasa ozi dịpụrụ adịpụ nke steeti quantum amaghị.
N'April 2004, Sorensen et al.Achọpụtara nnyefe data 1.45km n'etiti ụlọ akụ maka oge mbụ site na iji nkesa nkesa quantum, na-aka akara nzikọrịta ozi nke quantum site na ụlọ nyocha ruo na ọkwa ngwa.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, teknụzụ nkwukọrịta quantum adọtala nlebara anya dị ukwuu site na gọọmentị, ụlọ ọrụ na agụmakwụkwọ.Ụfọdụ ama mba ụlọ ọrụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-emepe emepe nke commercialization nke quantum ọmụma, dị ka British ekwentị na Telegraph Company, mgbịrịgba, IBM, na & T laboratories na United States, Toshiba ụlọ ọrụ na Japan, Siemens ụlọ ọrụ na Germany, wdg Ọzọkwa, na United States. 2008, "European Union" zuru ụwa ọnụ ọrụ mmepe netwọk nkwurịta okwu echekwabara nke dabeere na quantum cryptography" guzobe 7-ọnụ echekwabara nkwurịta okwu ngosi na nkwenye netwọk.
N'afọ 2010, akwụkwọ akụkọ Time nke United States kọrọ ọganihu nke nnwale teleportation quantum nke China nke dị kilomita 16 na kọlụm nke "ozi mgbawa" nke nwere aha "leap of China's Quantum Science," na-egosi na China nwere ike ịmepụta netwọk nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ala na satịlaịtị [3].Na 2010, National ọgụgụ isi na Communication Research Institute of Japan na Mitsubishi Electric na NEC, ID quantified nke Switzerland, Toshiba Europe Limited, na niile Vienna nke Austria guzobere ọnụ isii metropolitan quantum nkwurịta okwu netwọk "Tokyo QKD netwọk" na Tokyo.Netwọk ahụ lekwasịrị anya na nsonaazụ nyocha kachasị ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na ụlọ ọrụ nwere ọkwa mmepe kachasị elu na teknụzụ nkwukọrịta quantum na Japan na Europe.
Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. nke dị na "Silicon Valley" nke China - Beijing Zhongguancun, bụ ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ dị elu raara onwe ya nye na-ejere ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ụlọ na nke mba ọzọ ozi, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha, mahadum na ndị ọrụ nyocha sayensị.Ụlọ ọrụ anyị na-etinyekarị aka na nyocha na mmepe onwe onye, ichepụta, nrụpụta, ire ngwaahịa optoelectronic, ma na-enye ngwọta ọhụrụ na ọkachamara, ọrụ ahaziri iche maka ndị nchọpụta sayensị na ndị injinia mmepụta ihe.Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke ihe ọhụrụ nke onwe ya gasịrị, ọ etolitela ọgaranya na nke zuru oke nke ngwaahịa fotoelectric, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na obodo, ndị agha, ụgbọ njem, ike eletrik, ego, agụmakwụkwọ, ahụike na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.
Anyị na-atụ anya imekọ ihe ọnụ na gị!
Oge nzipu: Mee-05-2023