Nkwukọrịta quantum bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke teknụzụ ozi quantum. O nwere uru nke nzuzo zuru oke, ikike nkwukọrịta buru ibu, ọsọ nnyefe ngwa ngwa, wdg. Ọ nwere ike imezu ọrụ ndị akọwapụtara nke nkwukọrịta oge ochie na-enweghị ike imezu. Nkwukọrịta quantum nwere ike iji sistemụ igodo nkeonwe, nke a na-apụghị ịghọta iji ghọta ezigbo echiche nke nkwukọrịta nchekwa, yabụ nkwukọrịta quantum aghọwo ihe mbụ na sayensị na teknụzụ n'ụwa. Nkwukọrịta quantum na-eji ọnọdụ quantum dị ka ihe ọmụma iji mezuo nnyefe ozi dị irè. Ọ bụ mgbanwe ọzọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkwukọrịta mgbe ekwentị na nkwukọrịta anya gasịrị.
Isi ihe dị na nkwukọrịta kwantum:
Nkesa igodo nzuzo nke kwantum:
A naghị eji nkesa igodo nzuzo nke quantum ezipu ihe nzuzo. Ma, ọ bụ iji guzobe ma kesaa akwụkwọ nzuzo, ya bụ, iji kenye igodo nzuzo n'akụkụ abụọ nke nkwukọrịta onwe onye, nke a na-akpọkarị nkwukọrịta cryptography quantum.
Na 1984, Bennett nke United States na brassart nke Canada tụpụtara usoro BB84, nke na-eji quantum bits dị ka ndị na-ebu ozi iji dee ọnọdụ quantum site na iji njirimara polarization nke ìhè iji mezuo mmepụta na nkesa nchekwa nke igodo nzuzo. Na 1992, Bennett tụpụtara usoro B92 dabere na steeti quantum abụọ na-abụghị orthogonal nwere usoro dị mfe na ọkara arụmọrụ. Atụmatụ abụọ a dabere na otu ma ọ bụ karịa nke steeti quantum otu orthogonal na nke na-abụghị orthogonal. N'ikpeazụ, na 1991, Ekert nke UK tụpụtara E91 dabere na steeti njikọ aka nke akụkụ abụọ, ya bụ ụzọ EPR.
Na 1998, e mere atụmatụ maka usoro nkwukọrịta quantum steeti isii ọzọ maka nhọrọ polarization na ntọala atọ jikọtara ọnụ nke mejupụtara steeti polarization anọ na ntụgharị aka ekpe na nke kwesịrị ekwesị na usoro BB84. A gosipụtala na usoro BB84 bụ ụzọ nkesa dị oke mma, nke onye ọ bụla na-emebibeghị ruo ugbu a. Ụkpụrụ nke enweghị obi ike na quantum na-anaghị ekpuchi quantum na-eme ka nchekwa ya zuru oke. Ya mere, usoro EPR nwere uru ozizi dị mkpa. Ọ na-ejikọ ọnọdụ quantum nke e jikọtara na nkwukọrịta quantum dị nchebe ma na-emepe ụzọ ọhụrụ maka nkwukọrịta quantum dị nchebe.
Nlepụ anya kwantum:
Ozizi nke teleportation nke Bennett na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ndị ọzọ tụrụ aro na mba isii na 1993 bụ ụdị nnyefe quantum dị ọcha nke na-eji ọwa nke steeti abụọ nwere oke ihe e ji kegide iji zipu ọnọdụ quantum a na-amaghị, ọnụego ihe ịga nke ọma nke teleportation ga-eru 100% [2].
Na 199, otu Zeilinger nke Austria mechara nnwale mbụ nke ụkpụrụ nke teleportation quantum n'ime ụlọ nyocha. N'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, atụmatụ dị otu a na-apụtakarị: onye dị omimi na-apụ n'anya na mberede n'otu ebe na mberede. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi na teleportation quantum na-emebi ụkpụrụ nke enweghị cloning na Heisenberg na-ejighị n'aka na quantum mechanics, ọ bụ naanị ụdị akụkọ sayensị na nkwukọrịta oge ochie.
Agbanyeghị, echiche pụrụ iche nke njikọ aka nke quantum dị n'ime nkwukọrịta quantum, nke kewara ozi ọnọdụ quantum a na-amaghị nke mbụ n'ime akụkụ abụọ: ozi quantum na ozi klasịk, nke na-eme ka ọrụ ebube a dị egwu mee. Ozi quantum bụ ozi a na-ewepụtaghị na usoro nha, ozi klasịk bụkwa nha mbụ.
Ọganihu na nkwukọrịta kwantum:
Kemgbe afọ 1994, nkwukọrịta kwantum abatala n'ọkwa nnwale ma na-aga n'ihu ruo ihe mgbaru ọsọ bara uru, nke nwere uru mmepe dị mma na uru akụ na ụba. Na 1997, pan Jianwei, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị China na-eto eto, na bow meister, ọkà mmụta sayensị Dutch, nwalere ma ghọta nnyefe nke ọnọdụ kwantum a na-amaghị ama site n'ebe dị anya.
Na Eprel 2004, Sorensen na ndị otu ya nwetara nnyefe data 1.45km n'etiti ụlọ akụ maka oge mbụ site na iji nkesa quantum entanglement, na-egosi nkwukọrịta quantum site na ụlọ nyocha ruo na ọkwa ngwa. Ugbu a, teknụzụ nkwukọrịta quantum adọtala mmasị dị ukwuu site na gọọmentị, ụlọ ọrụ, na agụmakwụkwọ. Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa ama ama na-emepekwa azụmaahịa nke ozi quantum, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ekwentị na Telegraph nke Britain, bell, IBM, ụlọ nyocha na & T na United States, ụlọ ọrụ Toshiba na Japan, ụlọ ọrụ Siemens na Germany, wdg. Ọzọkwa, na 2008, "ọrụ mmepe netwọkụ nkwukọrịta nchekwa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke European Union dabere na cryptography quantum" guzobere netwọk ngosi na nkwenye nkwukọrịta dị nchebe nke nwere node 7.
Na 2010, magazin Time nke United States kọrọ ihe ịga nke ọma nke nnwale teleportation nke China nke dị kilomita 16 na kọlụm nke "akụkọ mgbawa" nke aha ya bụ "mmụba nke Sayensị Quantum nke China," nke na-egosi na China nwere ike ịmepụta netwọk nkwukọrịta quantum n'etiti ala na satịlaịtị [3]. Na 2010, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ọgụgụ isi na nkwukọrịta mba nke Japan na Mitsubishi Electric na NEC, nke a na-enyocha ID nke Switzerland, Toshiba Europe Limited, na Vienna niile nke Austria guzobere netwọkụ nkwukọrịta quantum isii nke obodo ukwu "netwọk Tokyo QKD" na Tokyo. Netwọk a na-elekwasị anya na nsonaazụ nyocha kachasị ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na ụlọ ọrụ nwere ọkwa kachasị elu nke mmepe na teknụzụ nkwukọrịta quantum na Japan na Europe.
Ụlọ ọrụ Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. nke dị na "Silicon Valley" nke China - Beijing Zhongguancun, bụ ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ dị elu raara onwe ya nye ijere ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ime obodo na mba ofesi, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha, mahadum na ndị ọrụ nyocha sayensị azụmaahịa ozi. Ụlọ ọrụ anyị na-etinye aka na nyocha na mmepe onwe onye, imewe, imepụta ihe, ire ngwaahịa optoelectronic, ma na-enye ngwọta ọhụrụ na ọrụ ọkachamara, nke ahaziri iche maka ndị nchọpụta sayensị na ndị injinia ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke imepụta ihe n'onwe ha gasịrị, ọ mepụtara usoro ngwaahịa fotoelectric bara ụba na nke zuru oke, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'obodo, ndị agha, njem, ike eletrik, ego, agụmakwụkwọ, ahụike na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.
Anyị na-atụ anya iso gị rụkọọ ọrụ!
Oge ozi: Mee-05-2023