Teknụzụ isi iyi laser makangwa anya eririịhụ akụkụ nke mbụ
Nkà na ụzụ na-ahụ maka eriri anya bụ ụdị teknụzụ nhụta nke emepụtara yana teknụzụ fiber optic na teknụzụ nzikọrịta ozi, ọ ghọwokwa otu n'ime ngalaba na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke teknụzụ fotoelectric.Sistemụ nleba anya eriri anya bụ nke laser, eriri nnyefe, ihe mmetụta ma ọ bụ mpaghara mgbanwe, nchọpụta ọkụ na akụkụ ndị ọzọ.Akụkụ na-akọwa njirimara nke ebili mmiri na-agụnye ike, ogologo ogologo, oge, ọnọdụ polarization, wdg. Ihe ndị a nwere ike gbanwee site na mmetụta mpụga na nnyefe eriri anya.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe okpomọkụ, nsogbu, nrụgide, ugbu a, nchụpụ, ịma jijiji, ntụgharị, ịgbagọ na ọnụọgụ kemịkalụ na-emetụta ụzọ anya, ihe ndị a na-agbanwe n'otu aka ahụ.Nhụta eriri anya dabere na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti paramita ndị a na ihe mpụga iji chọpụta ọnụọgụ anụ ahụ kwekọrọ.
Enwere ọtụtụ ụdịisi iyi laserA na-eji ya na sistemu fiber optic sensing, nke enwere ike kewaa ụzọ abụọ: otuisi mmalite laserna isi iyi ọkụ na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, enweghị njikọisi mmalite ọkụtumadi gụnyere ọkụ incandescent na diodes na-enye ọkụ, yana isi mmalite ọkụ na-agụnye laser siri ike, lasers mmiri mmiri, laser gas,semiconductor lasernaeriri laser.Ihe na-esonụ bụ tumadi makaisi iyi ọkụ laserọtụtụ ebe na-eji na ubi nke eriri sensing na-adịbeghị anya: warara ahịrị obosara otu-ugboro laser, otu-wavelength zaa ugboro laser na ọcha laser.
1.1 Ihe achọrọ maka ogologo ahịrị dị wararaisi iyi ọkụ laser
Enweghị ike ikewapụ usoro nyocha eriri anya site na isi iyi laser, dị ka ọkụ ọkụ na-ebu mgbaàmà atụpụtara, isi iyi ọkụ laser n'onwe ya arụmọrụ, dị ka nkwụsi ike ike, linewidth laser, mkpọtụ ụda na ihe ndị ọzọ na sistemụ nyocha anya eriri anya, nchọpụta. izi ezi, mmetụta uche na njirimara mkpọtụ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa.N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na mmepe nke ogologo anya ultra-high mkpebi optical fiber sensing system, academia na ụlọ ọrụ ewepụtala ihe siri ike chọrọ maka arụmọrụ linewidth nke miniaturization laser, tumadi na: teknụzụ anya ugboro ugboro (OFDR) na-eji teknụzụ eme ihe. teknụzụ nchọpụta iji nyochaa backrayleigh gbasasịa akara nke eriri anya na ngalaba ugboro, yana mkpuchi sara mbara (ọtụtụ puku mita).Uru nke mkpebi dị elu (mkpebi ọkwa millimita) na nghọta dị elu (ruo -100 dBm) aghọwo otu n'ime teknụzụ ndị nwere atụmanya ngwa sara mbara na nha anya eriri anya na teknụzụ nghọta.Isi ihe dị na teknụzụ OFDR bụ iji isi iyi ọkụ na-emegharị anya iji nweta nlegharị anya ugboro ugboro, yabụ arụmọrụ nke isi iyi laser na-ekpebi isi ihe dị ka oke nchọpụta OFDR, nghọta na mkpebi.Mgbe ebe nlegharị anya dị nso na ogologo njikọ, ike nke mgbama iti ga-ebelata nke ukwuu site na ọnụọgụ τ/τc.Maka isi iyi ọkụ Gaussian nke nwere ọdịdị dị iche iche, iji hụ na ugboro ugboro nwere ihe karịrị 90% visibiliti, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti obosara ahịrị nke ìhè na ogologo nghọta nke usoro ahụ nwere ike nweta bụ Lmax ~ 0.04vg. / f, nke pụtara na maka eriri nwere ogologo 80 km, obosara ahịrị nke ìhè ọkụ na-erughị 100 Hz.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mmepe nke ngwa ndị ọzọ na-etinyekwa ihe ndị dị elu chọrọ maka eriri nke ìhè ọkụ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime sistemụ hydrophone optical fiber, obosara nke eriri ọkụ na-ekpebi mkpọtụ sistemụ ma na-ekpebi akara ngosi kacha nta nke sistemụ.Na Brillouin optical time domain reflector (BOTDR), mkpebi nha nke ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na nrụgide na-esite n'obosara eriri ọkụ.N'ime gyro fiber optic resonator, enwere ike ịbawanye ịdị n'otu ogologo nke ebili ọkụ site na ibelata obosara ahịrị nke isi iyi, si otú ahụ meziwanye ịdị mma na resonance omimi nke resonator, na-ebelata obosara ahịrị nke resonator, na hụ na nha. izi ezi nke eriri optic gyro.
1.2 Ihe achọrọ maka isi mmalite laser
Single wavelength zachaa laser nwere mgbanwe wavelength n'iji ya gee ntị arụmọrụ, nwere ike dochie multiple mmepụta ofu wavelength lasers, ibelata na-eri nke usoro ewu, bụ ihe dị oké mkpa akụkụ nke ngwa anya eriri sensọ usoro.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na trace fiber gas sensing, ụdị gas dị iche iche nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ịmịnye gas dị iche iche.Iji hụ na njiri ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma mgbe gas nha zuru oke ma nweta mmetụta dị elu, ọ dị mkpa iji kwado ogologo ogologo nke isi iyi ọkụ na mmịpụta nke molekul gas.Ụdị gas nke a na-achọpụta na-ekpebi n'ụzọ bụ isi site n'ịdị elu nke ìhè ọkụ na-ahụ anya.Ya mere, lasers linewidth dị warara nwere arụmọrụ brọdband kwụsiri ike nwere ngbanwe nha dị elu na sistemụ nghọta dị otú ahụ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ụfọdụ sistemu nyocha nke eriri anya na-ekesa dabere na nleba anya ngalaba anya ugboro ugboro, ọ dị mkpa ka a na-asachapụ laser ngwa ngwa ka ọ nweta nchọta dị n'otu n'otu na nhụta nke akara ngosi anya dị elu, yabụ ọnụego mgbanwe nke isi iyi laser nwere nnukwu ihe achọrọ. , na a na-achọkarị ịza ọsọ nke laser a na-agbanwe agbanwe iji ruo 10pm/μs.Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji laser dị warara dị warara dị warara ogologo ogologo ogologo oge na liDAR, laser remote sensing na nyocha nlegharị anya dị elu na mpaghara nghọta ndị ọzọ.Iji mezuo ihe achọrọ nke oke arụmọrụ dị elu nke nlegharị anya bandwit, n'iji ya gee ntị ziri ezi na n'iji ya gee ntị ọsọ nke otu-wavelength lasers na ubi nke fiber sensing, n'ozuzu ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke na-amụ tunable warara-obosara eriri lasers na-adịbeghị anya bụ iji nweta elu- nlegharị anya nkenke n'ogo ogologo ogologo ogologo na-adabere na ịchụso eriri eriri laser dị warara, mkpọtụ usoro dị ala dị ala, yana oge mmepụta na ike siri ike.
1.3 Achọ maka isi iyi ọkụ laser ọcha
N'ihe gbasara nhụta anya, laser ọkụ na-acha ọcha dị elu dị oke mkpa iji melite arụmọrụ nke usoro ahụ.Ka obosara nke ụdịdị dị iche iche mkpuchi nke laser ìhè ọkụ, ka ọ na-agbasawanye ngwa ngwa na sistemu eriri anya.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ị na-eji fiber Bragg grating (FBG) wuo netwọkụ sensọ, nyocha spectral ma ọ bụ usoro dakọtara nzacha nwere ike iji mee ihe maka demodulation.Nke mbụ jiri spectrometer nwalee ogologo ogologo FBG ọ bụla na netwọk.Nke ikpeazụ na-eji nzacha ntụaka iji soro ma mezie FBG na nghọta, nke abụọ chọrọ isi iyi brọdband dị ka isi iyi ọkụ maka FBG.N'ihi na netwọk ịnweta FBG ọ bụla ga-enwe ụfọdụ nkwụsị ntinye, ma nwee bandwit nke karịa 0.1 nm, n'otu oge demodulation nke multiple FBG chọrọ a brọdband ìhè isi iyi na elu ike na elu bandwit.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ị na-eji grating fiber ogologo oge (LPFG) maka nghọta, ebe ọ bụ na bandwit nke otu ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ dị n'usoro nke 10 nm, a na-achọ isi iyi dị iche iche nke nwere bandwidth zuru oke yana ụdị dị larịị dị larịị iji kọwaa nke ọma ya resonant. njirimara kacha elu.Karịsịa, acoustic fiber grating (AIFG) rụrụ site n'iji acousto-optical mmetụta nwere ike nweta a n'iji ya gee ntị nke resonant wavelength ruo 1000 nm site na eletriki n'iji ya gee ntị.Ya mere, ule grating dị ike na ụdị nlegharị anya dị obosara dị otú ahụ na-ebute nnukwu ihe ịma aka na oke bandwidth nke isi iyi ọkụ dị iche iche.N'otu aka ahụ, n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-ejikwa grating Bragg fiber tilted eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ọhịa nke nghọta eriri.N'ihi njirimara ụdịdị dị iche iche ọnwụ ya dị ọtụtụ, ogologo nkesa ogologo nwere ike iru 40 nm.Usoro nhụta ya na-abụkarị iji ntule mmegharị ahụ n'etiti ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbasa ozi dị iche iche, yabụ ọ dị mkpa iji tụọ ụdị mgbasa ozi ya kpamkpam.A na-achọ bandwidth na ike nke isi iyi ọkụ dị iche iche ka ọ dị elu.
2. Ọnọdụ nyocha n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ
2.1 Isi iyi ọkụ laser dị warara dị warara
2.1.1 Semiconductor na-ekesa nzaghachi laser
Na 2006, Cliche et al.belatara ọnụ ọgụgụ MHz nke semiconductorDFB laser(nkesa nzaghachi laser) na nha kHz site na iji usoro nzaghachi eletriki;Na 2011, Kessler et al.eji obere okpomọkụ na nkwụsi ike dị elu otu oghere kristal jikọtara ya na njikwa nzaghachi na-arụ ọrụ iji nweta mmepụta laser 40 MHz linewidth dị warara;N'afọ 2013, Peng et al nwetara mmepụta laser semiconductor nwere ogologo ahịrị 15 kHz site na iji usoro mmezi nzaghachi Fabry-Perot (FP).Usoro nzaghachi ọkụ eletrik na-ejikarị nzaghachi nkwụsi ike ugboro Pond-Drever-Hall mee ka ebelata eriri eriri laser nke isi iyi ọkụ.Na 2010, Bernhardi et al.emepụtara 1 cm nke erbium-doped alumina FBG na mkpụrụ osisi silicon oxide iji nweta mmepụta laser nwere obosara ahịrị nke ihe dịka 1.7 kHz.N'otu afọ ahụ, Liang et al.jiri nzaghachi injection nke onwe nke azụ azụ Rayleigh kpụrụ site na elu-Q echo mgbidi resonator maka semiconductor laser line-obosara mkpakọ, dị ka e gosiri na Figure 1, na n'ikpeazụ nweta a warara akara-obosara laser mmepụta nke 160 Hz.
Fig. 1 (a) Eserese nke semiconductor laser linewidth mkpakọ dabeere na onwe injection Rayleigh agbasasị mpụga ntanye gallery mode resonator;
(b) Ugboro ugboro nke laser semiconductor na-agba ọsọ n'efu nwere obosara nke 8 MHz;
(c) Ugboro ugboro nke laser nwere linewidth abịakọrọ ruo 160 Hz
2.1.2 eriri eriri eriri eriri dị warara
Maka lasers eriri eriri eriri ahịrị, a na-enweta nsonaazụ laser linewidth dị warara nke ọnọdụ ogologo ogologo site na ibelata ogologo nke resonator na ịbawanye ogologo oge ọnọdụ ogologo.Na 2004, Spiegelberg et al.nwetara otu ogologo ọnọdụ ogologo ogologo eriri eriri ogologo laser nwere eriri 2 kHz site na iji usoro oghere dị mkpirikpi DBR.Na 2007, Shen et al.jiri eriri silicon erbium-doped 2 cm siri ike dee FBG na eriri fotosensitivity nke Bi-Ge, wee jikọta ya na eriri na-arụ ọrụ iji mepụta oghere ahịrị kọmpat, na-eme ka obosara nke eriri laser ya na-erughị 1 kHz.Na 2010, Yang et al.jiri oghere ahịrị dị mkpụmkpụ 2cm nke ukwuu jikọtara ya na nzacha FBG dị warara iji nweta otu mmepụta laser ogologo ogologo nwere obosara ahịrị na-erughị 2 kHz.N'afọ 2014, ndị otu ahụ jiri oghere ahịrị dị mkpụmkpụ (virtual folded ring resonator) jikọtara ya na ihe nzacha FBG-FP iji nweta mmepụta laser nke nwere obosara ahịrị dị warara, dị ka egosiri na Figure 3. Na 2012, Cai et al.jiri usoro oghere dị mkpụmkpụ 1.4cm nweta mmepụta laser polarizing nwere ike nrụpụta karịrị 114 mW, ogologo ogologo ogologo nke 1540.3 nm, yana obosara ahịrị nke 4.1 kHz.Na 2013, Meng et al.eji Brillouin agbasasị nke erbium-doped fiber nwere oghere mgbanaka dị mkpụmkpụ nke ngwaọrụ nchekwa zuru oke iji nweta ọnọdụ otu ogologo ogologo oge, mmepụta ụda laser dị ala nke nwere ike nrụpụta nke 10 mW.N'afọ 2015, ndị otu ahụ jiri oghere mgbanaka mejupụtara 45 cm erbium-doped fiber dị ka Brillouin na-achụsasị ihe na-enweta ụzọ dị ala na mmepụta laser dị warara.
Fig. 2 (a) Eserese atụmatụ nke SLC fiber laser;
(b) Linehape nke mgbaàmà heterodyne tụrụ na 97.6 km ọdụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri
Oge nzipu: Nov-20-2023