Microwave optoelectronics, dị ka aha na-egosi, bụ nkwụsị nke ngwa ndakwa nri naoptoelectronics.Microwaves na ebili mmiri ọkụ bụ ebili mmiri electromagnetic, na frequency bụ ọtụtụ iwu nke ịdị ukwuu dị iche iche, na akụrụngwa na teknụzụ emepụtara na mpaghara ha dị iche iche.Na Nchikota, anyị nwere ike iri uru nke onye ọ bụla ọzọ, ma anyị nwere ike nweta ọhụrụ ngwa na àgwà ndị siri ike ịghọta n'otu n'otu.
Nkwurịta okwu anyabụ isi ihe atụ nke nchikota microwaves na photoelectrons.Ekwentị izizi na nkwukọrịta ikuku telegraph, ọgbọ, mgbasa na nnabata nke akara, ngwaọrụ microwave niile ejirila.A na-eji ebili mmiri electromagnetic dị ala na mbụ n'ihi na ọnụọgụ ugboro dị ntakịrị na ikike ọwa maka nnyefe dị ntakịrị.Ihe ngwọta bụ ịbawanye ugboro nke mgbaàmà na-ebufe, ka ọ dị elu, ihe onwunwe dị iche iche.Ma elu ugboro mgbaàmà na ikuku propagation ọnwụ bụ nnukwu, ma ọ dị mfe na-egbochi site ihe mgbochi.Ọ bụrụ na ejiri eriri ahụ mee ihe, nkwụsị nke eriri ahụ dị ukwuu, na nnyefe ogologo bụ nsogbu.Mpụta nke nkwurịta okwu fiber optical bụ ezigbo ngwọta maka nsogbu ndị a.eriri anyanwere mfu nnyefe dị obere ma bụrụkwa ezigbo ihe na-ebufe ozi n'ebe dị anya.Ogologo oge nke ebili mmiri ọkụ dị ukwuu karịa nke microwaves ma nwee ike ibunye ọtụtụ ọwa dị iche iche n'otu oge.N'ihi na ndị a uru nkengwa anya nnyefe, Nzikọrịta eriri anya abụrụla ihe ndabere nke mgbasa ozi taa.
Nkwukọrịta ngwa anya nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme, nyocha na ngwa dị oke oke ma tozuo oke, ebe a abụghị ikwu karịa.Akwụkwọ a na-ebutekarị ihe nchọcha ọhụrụ nke ngwa igwe optoelectronics n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya karịa nzikọrịta ozi anya.Microwave optoelectronics na-ejikarị ụzọ na teknụzụ dị n'ọhịa nke optoelectronics dị ka onye na-ebu ibu iji meziwanye ma nweta arụmọrụ na ngwa siri ike iji nweta ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa.Site n'echiche nke ngwa, ọ na-agụnye akụkụ atọ ndị a.
Nke mbụ bụ iji optoelectronics na-emepụta ihe ngosi dị elu, obere mkpọtụ microwave, site na X-band ruo na band THz.
Nke abụọ, nhazi mgbaàmà microwave.Gụnyere igbu oge, nzacha, ntụgharị ugboro ugboro, ịnata na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Nke atọ, nnyefe nke akara ngosi analog.
N'isiokwu a, onye edemede na-ewebata akụkụ mbụ, ọgbọ nke mgbaàmà microwave.Ọdịnala ebili mmiri milimita ngwa ndakwa nri bụ nke akụrụngwa microelectronic iii_V na-ebute.Ihe njedebe ya nwere isi ihe ndị a: Nke mbụ, na elu frequencies dị ka 100GHz n'elu, omenala microelectronics nwere ike na-emepụta obere na obere ike, na elu ugboro THz mgbaàmà, ha enweghị ike ime ihe ọ bụla.Nke abuo, iji wedata mkpọtụ oge ma melite nkwụsi ike ugboro ugboro, ngwaọrụ mbụ kwesịrị ka etinye ya na ebe okpomọkụ dị oke ala.Nke atọ, ọ na-esiri ike nweta ọtụtụ mgbanwe mgbanwe ugboro ugboro.Iji dozie nsogbu ndị a, teknụzụ optoelectronic nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ.A kọwara ụzọ ndị bụ isi n'okpuru.
1. Site n'ụdị dị iche iche nke mgbaàmà laser ugboro abụọ dị iche iche, a na-eji fotodetector dị elu mee ihe iji gbanwee akara microwave, dị ka egosiri na foto 1.
Ọgụgụ 1. Eserese atụmatụ nke microwaves sitere na ọnụọgụ dị iche nke abụọlasers.
Uru nke usoro a bụ usoro dị mfe, nwere ike ịmepụta ebili mmiri millimita dị elu na ọbụna mgbaàmà ugboro THz, na site n'ịgbanwe ugboro nke laser nwere ike ime nnukwu mgbanwe mgbanwe ngwa ngwa, ugboro ugboro.Ọdịmma ya bụ na ụda ahịrị obosara ma ọ bụ ụda usoro nke mgbaàmà ugboro dị iche na-emepụta site na akara laser abụọ na-enweghị njikọ dị oke, na nkwụsi ike ugboro adịghị elu, ọkachasị ma ọ bụrụ na laser semiconductor nwere obere olu mana nnukwu eriri (~ MHz) dị. eji.Ọ bụrụ na usoro oke ibu chọrọ adịghị elu, ịnwere ike iji obere mkpọtụ (~ kHz) lasers steeti siri ike,eriri lasers, oghere dị n'èzísemiconductor lasers, wdg. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ụdị abụọ dị iche iche nke mgbaàmà laser na-emepụta n'otu oghere laser ahụ nwekwara ike iji mee ka ọ dị iche iche ugboro ugboro, nke mere na arụmọrụ ngwa ngwa nkwụsi ike na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma.
2. Iji dozie nsogbu ahụ na lasers abụọ na usoro gara aga na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na ụda usoro mgbaàmà na-eme ka ọ dị ukwuu, enwere ike ịnweta njikọ dị n'etiti lasers abụọ ahụ site na usoro ịgbachi oge ịgbachi agbachi ma ọ bụ usoro nzaghachi na-adịghị mma. sekit mkpọchi.Ọgụgụ 2 na-egosi ngwa a na-ahụkarị nke mkpọchi injection iji mepụta ọtụtụ ngwa ndakwa nri (Foto 2).Site n'itinye akara nrịbama dị elu ozugbo n'ime laser semiconductor, ma ọ bụ site na iji modulator-phase LinBO3, enwere ike ịmepụta ọtụtụ akara ngosi nke ugboro dị iche iche nwere ohere nha nha anya, ma ọ bụ combs ngwa anya.N'ezie, usoro a na-ejikarị nweta mbo opika anya dị obosara bụ iji laser akpọchiri ọnọdụ.A na-ahọrọ akara mgbaama abụọ ọ bụla dị na mbo ngwa anya emepụtara site na nzacha wee tinye ya n'ime laser 1 na 2 ka ha wee ghọta ugboro na mkpọchi usoro n'otu n'otu.N'ihi na-adọ n'etiti dị iche iche comb mgbaàmà nke ngwa anya ugboro comb bụ dịtụ kwụsiri ike, nke mere na ikwu na-adọ n'etiti abụọ lasers kwụsiri ike, na mgbe ahụ site na usoro nke iche ugboro dị ka akọwara na mbụ, multi-fold ugboro ngwa ndakwa nri mgbaàmà nke Enwere ike nweta ọnụego nkwughachi ugboro anya comb.
Onyonyo 2. Eserese eserese nke igwe onyonyo ugboro abụọ na-eme ka mgbama na-agbachi ugboro ugboro ntụtụ.
Ụzọ ọzọ ị ga-esi belata mkpọtụ usoro nke lasers abụọ bụ iji PLL anya nzaghachi na-adịghị mma, dị ka egosiri na foto 3.
Ọgụgụ 3. Eserese atụmatụ nke OPL.
Ụkpụrụ nke ngwa anya PLL yiri nke PLL na mpaghara nke ngwá electronic.A na-atụgharị akụkụ dị iche nke lasers abụọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akara ọkụ eletrik site na fotodetector (nke dabara na onye na-achọpụta oge), wee nweta ọdịiche nke oge dị n'etiti lasers abụọ ahụ site na ịme mgbanwe dị iche iche na isi iyi mgbama microwave, nke na-abawanye. ma kpochaa wee nyeghachi ya na ngalaba njikwa ugboro ole nke otu n'ime lasers (maka lasers semiconductor, ọ bụ injection ugbu a).Site na njikwa nzaghachi na-adịghị mma dị otú ahụ, usoro ugboro ugboro dị n'etiti akara laser abụọ a na-ekpochi na mgbama microwave.Enwere ike ibunye mgbaama ngwa anya jikọtara ọnụ site na eriri anya gaa na fotodetector ebe ọzọ wee gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ mgbama microwave.Ụda ụda akụkụ nke mgbama ngwa ndakwa nri fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nke mgbaàmà nrụtụ aka n'ime bandwit nke mgbanaka nzaghachi adịghị mma nke agbachi agbachi.Ụda ụda nke na-abụghị bandwit hà nhata na ụda akụkụ nke mbụ nke lasers abụọ na-enweghị njikọ.
Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike ịtụgharị isi iyi mgbama microwave site na isi mmalite mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ site na ugboro abụọ, ugboro nkewa, ma ọ bụ nhazi ugboro ọzọ, nke mere na mgbama microwave nke dị ala nwere ike ịba ụba okpukpu abụọ, ma ọ bụ gbanwee gaa na RF dị elu, akara THz.
E jiri ya tụnyere ịgbachi ugboro injection nwere ike nweta ugboro abụọ ugboro abụọ, loops akpọchiri agbachi na-agbanwe karịa, nwere ike imepụta ugboro ugboro aka ike, yana n'ezie mgbagwoju anya.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji eriri anya anya nke igwe fotoelectric modulator na-emepụta na Figure 2 dị ka isi iyi ọkụ, a na-eji eriri anya akpọchi akpọchi wee họrọ oge igbachi nke lasers abụọ na akara ngosi anya abụọ, wee mepụta. ihe nrịbama dị elu site na ugboro ole dị iche, dị ka egosiri na Figure 4. f1 na f2 bụ akara ngosi akara ngosi nke PLLS abụọ n'otu n'otu, yana akara microwave nke N * frep + f1 + f2 nwere ike ịmepụta site na oge ọdịiche dị n'etiti abụọ lasers.
Onyonyo 4. Eserese atụmatụ nke na-emepụta ugboro ugboro aka ike na-eji combs ngwa anya na PLLS.
3. Jiri laser pulse ekpochi ọnọdụ iji gbanwee mgbama mgbama ngwa anya n'ime mgbaàmà microwave site nafotodetector.
Isi uru nke usoro a bụ na enwere ike nweta mgbama nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike ugboro ugboro yana ụda obere oge dị ala.Site n'ịkpọchi oge nke laser ka ọ bụrụ ụdị mgbanwe atomiki na molekụla kwụsiri ike, ma ọ bụ oghere anya kwụsiri ike, na iji usoro mkpochapụ ugboro abụọ nke onwe ya na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ, anyị nwere ike nweta akara mgbama ngwa anya siri ike. ugboro ugboro kwụsiri ike nke ukwuu, iji nweta mgbama ngwa ndakwa nri nwere mkpọtụ usoro dị ala dị ala.Onyonyo 5.
Ọgụgụ 5. Ntụle nke ikwu ụda olu nke isi mmalite mgbaàmà dị iche iche.
Agbanyeghị, n'ihi na nkwugharị pulse na-adaba n'ogologo oghere nke laser, yana laser akpọchiri ụdịdị ọdịnala buru ibu, ọ na-esiri ike ịnweta akara ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ozugbo.Na mgbakwunye, nha, ịdị arọ na ike oriri nke lasers omenala pulsed, yana oke gburugburu ebe obibi chọrọ, na-amachi ngwa ngwa ụlọ nyocha ha kachasị.Iji merie ihe isi ike ndị a, nyocha amalitela n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na United States na Germany site na iji mmetụta na-adịghị ahụ anya iji mepụta combs ngwa anya ugboro ugboro n'ime obere oghere anya chirp mode dị elu, nke n'aka nke ya na-emepụta akara ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na-adịghị ala ala.
4. opto eletrọnịkị oscillator, foto 6.
Ọgụgụ 6. Eserese atụmatụ nke fotoelectric jikọtara oscillator.
Otu n'ime usoro ọdịnala nke ịmepụta microwaves ma ọ bụ lasers bụ iji nzaghachi nzaghachi onwe onye mechiri emechi, ọ bụrụhaala na uru dị na akaghị aka mechiri emechi dị ukwuu karịa ọnwụ, oscillation nke onwe ya nwere ike ịmepụta microwaves ma ọ bụ lasers.Ka ogo ogo Q dị elu nke loop mechiri emechi, nke ahụ na-adị ntakịrị ka usoro mgbaàmà emepụtara ma ọ bụ mkpọtụ ugboro ugboro.Iji mee ka ihe dị mma nke loop dịkwuo mma, ụzọ a kapịrị ọnụ bụ ịbawanye ogologo akaghị aka ma belata mfu mgbasa.Otú ọ dị, ogologo akaghị ogologo nwere ike na-akwadokarị ọgbọ nke ọtụtụ ụdị oscillation, ma ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere nzacha-bandwidth dị warara, enwere ike ịnweta mgbama oscillation ngwa ngwa dị obere ugboro ugboro.Photoelectric jikọtara oscillator bụ isi iyi mgbama ngwa ndakwa nri dabere na echiche a, ọ na-eji njirimara mfu mgbasa dị ala nke eriri, na-eji ogologo eriri iji meziwanye uru Q, nwere ike mepụta mgbama microwave nwere mkpọtụ obere oge.Ebe ọ bụ na a tụrụ aro usoro a na 1990s, ụdị oscillator a enwetala nyocha dị ukwuu na mmepe dị ukwuu, yana ugbu a enwere fotoelectric azụmahịa yana oscillators.N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, fotoelectric oscillators nke enwere ike ịhazigharị ugboro ole ha n'ọtụtụ dịgasị iche iche emepụtara.Isi nsogbu nke isi mmalite mgbama microwave dabere na ihe owuwu a bụ na loop dị ogologo, na mkpọtụ na ọsọ ya n'efu (FSR) na ugboro abụọ ya ga-abawanye nke ukwuu.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ihe ndị a na-eji fotoelectric eme ihe bụ ihe ndị ọzọ, ọnụ ahịa dị elu, ụda olu na-esiri ike ibelata, na ogologo eriri ogologo na-enwe mmetụta maka ọgba aghara gburugburu ebe obibi.
N'elu nkenke na-ewebata ọtụtụ ụzọ nke fotoelectron ọgbọ nke ngwa ndakwa nri mgbaàmà, yana uru na ọghọm ha.N'ikpeazụ, iji fotoelectrons na-emepụta ngwa ndakwa nri nwere uru ọzọ bụ na enwere ike kesaa mgbama ngwa anya site na eriri anya na obere mfu, nnyefe dị anya na njedebe ojiji ọ bụla wee gbanwee n'ime akara microwave, na ikike iguzogide electromagnetic. nnyonye anya na-akawanye mma karịa ngwa eletrọnịkị ọdịnala.
Edemede edemede a bụ maka ntụnye aka, yana jikọtara ya na ahụmịhe nyocha na ahụmịhe nke onye ode akwụkwọ na mpaghara a, enwere ezighi ezi na enweghị nghọta, biko ghọta.
Oge nzipu: Jan-03-2024