Ngwa ndakwa nri optoelectronicsdịka aha ya si kwuo, bụ ebe a na-ejikọta ngwa ndakwa nri naoptoelectronicsNgwa ndakwa nri na ebili mmiri ọkụ bụ ebili mmiri elektrọnik, ugboro ole ha na-adịkarị iche, ihe ndị mejupụtara na teknụzụ ndị e mepụtara n'ọhịa ha dịkwa iche. N'ịjikọta ha, anyị nwere ike irite uru n'ebe ibe anyị nọ, mana anyị nwere ike inweta ngwa na njirimara ọhụrụ ndị siri ike ịghọta n'otu n'otu.
Nkwukọrịta anya anyabụ ihe atụ kachasị mma nke njikọta nke microwaves na photoelectrons. Nkwukọrịta ekwentị na telegraph mbụ, mmepụta, mgbasa na nnata nke mgbaama, ngwaọrụ microwave niile ejiri. A na-eji ebili mmiri electromagnetic ugboro ole na ole na mbụ n'ihi na oke ugboro ole dị obere na ikike ọwa maka nnyefe dị obere. Ngwọta ya bụ ịbawanye ugboro ugboro nke mgbaama ebufere, ka ugboro ole na ole dị elu, ka akụrụngwa spectrum na-abawanye. Mana akara ugboro ugboro dị elu na mfu mgbasa ikuku buru ibu, mana ọ dịkwa mfe igbochi site na ihe mgbochi. Ọ bụrụ na ejiri eriri ahụ, mfu nke eriri ahụ buru ibu, nnyefe dị anya bụkwa nsogbu. Mmalite nke nkwukọrịta eriri anya bụ ezigbo ngwọta maka nsogbu ndị a.Eriri anyanwere obere mfu nnyefe ma bụrụkwa ezigbo ihe na-ebufe ozi n'ebe dị anya. Oke ugboro ole ebili mmiri ọkụ dị ukwuu karịa nke microwave ma nwee ike ibufe ọtụtụ ọwa dị iche iche n'otu oge. N'ihi uru ndị a nkennyefe anya, nkwukọrịta eriri optical aghọwo isi ihe na-eme ka ozi gbasaa taa.
Nkwukọrịta anya nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ogologo, nchọpụta na ojiji ya sara mbara ma too nke ukwuu, nke a abụghị ikwu ihe ọzọ. Akwụkwọ a na-ewebata ihe ọhụrụ dị na nyocha optoelectronics na afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya ewezuga nkwukọrịta anya. Ngwa optoelectronics na-ejikarị ụzọ na teknụzụ dị na ngalaba optoelectronics eme ihe iji melite ma nweta arụmọrụ na ngwa ndị siri ike inweta site na ihe ndị e ji eme ihe na ngwa optoelectronics ọdịnala. Site n'echiche nke itinye ya n'ọrụ, ọ gụnyere akụkụ atọ ndị a.
Nke mbụ bụ iji optoelectronics emepụta akara microwave dị elu, nke na-anaghị eme mkpọtụ, site na X-band ruo na THZ band.
Nke abụọ, nhazi ihe mgbaàmà na microwave. Gụnyere igbu oge, nzacha, mgbanwe ugboro ugboro, nnata na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Nke atọ, nnyefe nke akara ngosi analog.
N'isiokwu a, onye dere ya na-ewebata naanị akụkụ mbụ, mmepụta nke mgbaàmà microwave. A na-emepụta ebili mmiri millimita microwave ọdịnala site na ihe ndị dị na microelectronic iii_V. Mmachi ya nwere isi ihe ndị a: Nke mbụ, ruo ugboro dị elu dị ka 100GHz n'elu, microelectronic ọdịnala nwere ike imepụta obere ike na obere, ruo na mgbaàmà THZ ugboro dị elu, ha enweghị ike ime ihe ọ bụla. Nke abụọ, iji belata mkpọtụ nkebi ma melite nkwụsi ike ugboro, ọ dị mkpa ka etinye ngwaọrụ mbụ ahụ n'ebe dị oke ala. Nke atọ, ọ siri ike iru ọtụtụ mgbanwe ugboro ugboro nke modulation ugboro. Iji dozie nsogbu ndị a, teknụzụ optoelectronic nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ. A kọwara ụzọ ndị bụ isi n'okpuru.
1. Site na mgbanwe ugboro ugboro nke mgbaàmà laser ugboro abụọ dị iche iche, a na-eji ihe nchọpụta foto ugboro ugboro dị elu iji gbanwee akara microwave, dịka egosiri na Foto 1.
Foto 1. Ihe osise eserese nke microwaves nke ugboro ọdịiche nke abụọ mepụtaralasers.
Uru nke usoro a bụ nhazi dị mfe, nwere ike ịmepụta ebili mmiri milimita ugboro dị elu na ọbụna akara ugboro THZ, site na ịgbanwe ugboro nke laser ahụ nwere ike ime nnukwu mgbanwe ugboro ngwa ngwa, ugboro sweep. Ihe na-adịghị mma bụ na obosara ahịrị ma ọ bụ mkpọtụ nke akara ugboro dị iche nke akara ugboro abụọ nke ihe mgbaàmà laser abụọ na-enweghị njikọ mepụtara buru ibu, nkwụsi ike ugboro adịghịkwa elu, ọkachasị ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri laser semiconductor nwere obere olu mana nnukwu obosara ahịrị (~MHz). Ọ bụrụ na ihe achọrọ maka olu ibu sistemụ adịghị elu, ị nwere ike iji obere mkpọtụ (~kHz) laser siri ike,eriri lasers, oghere mpụgalaser semiconductor, wdg. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji ụdị abụọ dị iche iche nke akara laser emepụtara n'otu oghere laser ahụ iji mepụta ugboro dị iche, ka arụmọrụ nkwụsi ike ugboro microwave wee ka mma nke ukwuu.
2. Iji dozie nsogbu ahụ bụ na laser abụọ dị na usoro gara aga enweghị njikọ na mkpọtụ nke akara ngosi nke a na-emepụta buru ibu, enwere ike nweta njikọ dị n'etiti laser abụọ ahụ site na usoro mkpọchi nke oge ịgba ọgwụ ma ọ bụ sekit mkpọchi nke oge nzaghachi na-adịghị mma. Foto nke 2 na-egosi ngwa a na-ejikarị eme mkpọchi ntụtụ iji mepụta ọtụtụ microwave (Foto nke 2). Site na ịgbanye akara ugbu a dị elu ozugbo na laser semiconductor, ma ọ bụ site na iji modulator nke usoro LinBO3, enwere ike ịmepụta ọtụtụ akara anya nke ugboro dị iche iche nwere oghere ugboro hà nhata, ma ọ bụ combs ugboro ugboro anya. N'ezie, usoro a na-ejikarị enweta combs ugboro ugboro anya dị iche iche bụ iji laser mkpọchi mode. A na-ahọrọ akara combs abụọ ọ bụla na combs ugboro ugboro anya emepụtara site na nzacha ma gbanye ya na laser 1 na 2 n'otu n'otu iji hụ ugboro ugboro na mkpọchi nke usoro n'otu n'otu. N'ihi na usoro dị n'etiti akara combs dị iche iche nke combs ugboro ugboro anya kwụsiri ike, nke mere na usoro dị n'etiti laser abụọ ahụ kwụsiri ike, wee site na usoro nke ugboro ugboro dị iche dịka akọwara na mbụ, enwere ike nweta akara combs ugboro ugboro nke ugboro ugboro combs optical.
Foto nke 2. Ihe osise eserese nke mgbaama ugboro abụọ nke oji microwave nke mkpọchi ugboro ugboro nke a na-emepụta.
Ụzọ ọzọ isi belata mkpọtụ nke usoro nke laser abụọ ahụ bụ iji PLL optical response na-adịghị mma, dịka egosiri na Foto 3.
Foto nke 3. Eserese atụmatụ nke OPL.
Ụkpụrụ nke PLL anya yiri nke PLL n'ọhịa eletrọniki. A na-agbanwe ọdịiche nke usoro nke laser abụọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akara eletriki site na fotodetector (nke kwekọrọ na ihe nchọpụta usoro), wee nweta ọdịiche nke usoro dị n'etiti laser abụọ ahụ site na ime ugboro dị iche na isi iyi mgbaàmà microwave ntụaka, nke a na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu ma na-enyocha wee nyeghachi ya na ngalaba njikwa ugboro nke otu n'ime lasers ahụ (maka laser semiconductor, ọ bụ ugbu a injection). Site na mkpọchi njikwa nzaghachi na-adịghị mma dị otú ahụ, a na-akpọchi usoro ugboro dị n'etiti akara laser abụọ ahụ na mgbaàmà microwave ntụaka. Enwere ike izipu akara anya ejikọtara site na eriri anya gaa na fotodetector n'ebe ọzọ ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ akara microwave. Mkpọtụ usoro nke mgbaàmà microwave na-apụta fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka nke mgbaàmà ntụaka n'ime bandwit nke loop nzaghachi na-adịghị mma nke phase-locked. Mkpọtụ usoro dị n'èzí bandwit ahụ hà nhata mkpọtụ usoro nke laser abụọ mbụ na-enweghị njikọ.
Tinyere nke a, enwere ike ịgbanwe isi iyi mgbaama microwave ntụaka site na isi mmalite mgbaama ndị ọzọ site na okpukpu abụọ ugboro ugboro, ugboro nkewa, ma ọ bụ nhazi ugboro ugboro ndị ọzọ, ka e wee nwee ike ịgbanwe akara mgbaama microwave ugboro ole na ole dị ala, ma ọ bụ gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ akara RF ugboro ugboro dị elu, THZ.
Ma e jiri ya tụnyere mkpọchi ugboro ole a na-agba ntụtụ, naanị ugboro ole a na-agbanwe agbanwe ka ọ na-adị, ha nwere ike imepụta ugboro ole a na-anaghị agbaso iwu, ma dịkwa mgbagwoju anya karịa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji mbo ugboro ole a na-ahụ anya nke modulator fotoelectric mepụtara na Foto 2 dị ka isi iyi ọkụ, a na-ejikwa loop nke a na-akpọchi nke ọma iji kpọchie ugboro ole nke laser abụọ ahụ na akara comb optical abụọ ahụ, wee mepụta akara ugboro ole a na-akpọchi site na ugboro ole a na-akpọchi, dịka egosiri na Foto 4. f1 na f2 bụ ugboro ole a na-akpọchi nke PLLS abụọ ahụ n'otu n'otu, enwere ike ịmepụta akara microwave nke N*frep+f1+f2 site na ugboro ole dị n'etiti laser abụọ ahụ.
Foto nke 4. Eserese atụmatụ nke imepụta ugboro ole na ole site na iji mbo ugboro ole na ole anya na PLLS.
3. Jiri laser pulse nke nwere mkpọchi mode gbanwee akara ngosi anya ka ọ bụrụ akara microwave site naihe nchọpụta foto.
Isi uru nke usoro a bụ na enwere ike inweta akara nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike ugboro na obere mkpọtụ nke usoro. Site na ịkpọchi ugboro nke laser ahụ na ụdị mgbanwe atọm na molekul siri ike, ma ọ bụ oghere anya siri ike nke ukwuu, yana iji mgbanwe ugboro ugboro sistemụ mwepụ ugboro abụọ nke onwe ya na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ, anyị nwere ike nweta akara mkpali anya siri ike nke nwere ugboro ugboro ugboro siri ike, ka anyị wee nweta akara microwave nwere mkpọtụ nke usoro dị ala nke ukwuu. Foto 5.
Foto nke 5. Ntụnyere mkpọtụ nke usoro dị iche iche nke isi mmalite mgbaàmà.
Agbanyeghị, n'ihi na ọnụego mmegharị ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe dabere na ogologo oghere nke laser ahụ, yana laser nke ejiri ụdịdị mechie nke ukwuu, ọ na-esiri ike ịnweta akara microwave ugboro ugboro dị elu ozugbo. Na mgbakwunye, nha, ibu na oriri ike nke laser pulsed ọdịnala, yana ihe siri ike achọrọ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, na-ebelata ngwa ụlọ nyocha ha. Iji merie ihe isi ike ndị a, nyocha amalitela n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na United States na Germany site na iji mmetụta na-abụghị ahịrị iji mepụta combs optical kwụsiri ike ugboro ugboro na obere oghere anya chirp mode dị elu, nke na-emepụta akara microwave obere ugboro ugboro dị elu.
4. oscillator eletrọniki opto, Foto nke 6.
Foto nke 6. Ihe osise eserese nke oscillator jikọtara fotoelectric.
Otu n'ime ụzọ ọdịnala e si emepụta microwave ma ọ bụ laser bụ iji aka onye na-aza ajụjụ nkeonwe, ma ọ bụrụhaala na uru dị na loop mechiri emechi karịrị mfu ahụ, oscillation nke onwe ya nwere ike imepụta microwave ma ọ bụ laser. Ka ihe dị mma Q nke loop mechiri emechi dị elu, otú ahụ ka ụda mgbaàmà ma ọ bụ mkpọtụ ugboro ole emepụtara dị obere. Iji mee ka ihe dị mma nke loop ahụ dịkwuo elu, ụzọ kpọmkwem bụ ịbawanye ogologo loop ma belata mfu mgbasa. Agbanyeghị, loop dị ogologo nwere ike ịkwado mmepụta nke ọtụtụ ụdị oscillation, ọ bụrụkwa na etinyere nzacha bandwidth dị warara, enwere ike nweta akara oscillation microwave obere ugboro ugboro. Oscillator Photoelectric jikọtara bụ isi iyi mgbaàmà microwave dabere na echiche a, ọ na-eji njirimara mfu mgbasa ozi dị ala nke eriri ahụ nke ọma, site na iji eriri dị ogologo iji melite uru Q loop, nwere ike ịmepụta akara microwave nwere mkpọtụ usoro dị ala. Kemgbe e mere atụmatụ usoro a n'afọ 1990, ụdị oscillator a enwetala nnukwu nnyocha na mmepe dị ukwuu, e nwekwara oscillator photoelectric coupled azụmahịa ugbu a. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, emepụtala oscillator photoelectric nke enwere ike ịgbanwe ugboro ole ha na oke dịgasị iche iche. Isi nsogbu nke isi mmalite mgbaàmà microwave dabere na usoro a bụ na loop ahụ dị ogologo, mkpọtụ dị na free flow (FSR) na ugboro abụọ ya ga-abawanye nke ukwuu. Na mgbakwunye, ihe mejupụtara photoelectric ejiri dị ukwuu, ọnụ ahịa ya dị elu, olu ya siri ike ibelata, eriri ahụ dịkwa ogologo karịa maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.
Ihe dị n'elu na-egosi ụzọ dị iche iche e si emepụta fotoelectron nke mgbaàmà microwave, yana uru na ọghọm ha. N'ikpeazụ, ojiji nke fotoelectron iji mepụta microwave nwere uru ọzọ bụ na enwere ike kesaa mgbaàmà anya site na eriri anya na obere mfu, nnyefe ogologo anya na ọdụ ojiji ọ bụla wee gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ mgbaàmà microwave, ikike iguzogide nnyonye anya electromagnetic ka mma karịa ihe eletrọnịkị ọdịnala.
Ide akụkọ a bụ maka ntụaka, tinyere ahụmịhe na ahụmịhe nyocha nke onye edemede ahụ nwere n'ọhịa a, enwere ihe na-ezighi ezi na enweghị nghọta, biko ghọta.
Oge ozi: Jenụwarị-03-2024