Nanolaser bụ ụdị micro na nano ngwaọrụ nke a na-eji nanomaterials dị ka nanowire dị ka resonator na ike na-ekupụ laser n'okpuru photoexcitation ma ọ bụ eletriki mkpali.The size nke a laser bụ mgbe nanị otu narị microns ma ọ bụ ọbụna iri iri nke microns, na dayameta bụ ruo nanometer iji, nke bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu mkpa ihe ngosi ngosi, integrated optics na ndị ọzọ ubi.
Nhazi nke nanolaser:
1. Nanowire laser
N'afọ 2001, ndị nchọpụta na Mahadum California, Berkeley, dị na United States, kere laser kacha nta n'ụwa - nanolasers - na waya nanooptic naanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ogologo ntutu mmadụ.Ọ bụghị naanị na laser a na-ebunye lasers ultraviolet, ma enwere ike ihie ya ka ọ na-ebunye lasers sitere na acha anụnụ anụnụ ruo ultraviolet miri emi.Ndị nyocha ahụ jiri usoro ọkọlọtọ akpọrọ oriented epiphytation mepụta laser site na kristal zinc oxide dị ọcha.Ha buru ụzọ “omenala” nanowires, ya bụ, kpụrụ n'elu akwa ọla edo nke nwere dayameta nke 20nm ruo 150nm na ogologo 10,000 nm dị ọcha zinc oxide wires.Mgbe ahụ, mgbe ndị na-eme nchọpụta mere ka kristal zinc oxide dị ọcha na nanowires jiri laser ọzọ dị n'okpuru griin haus, kristal zinc oxide dị ọcha na-ewepụta laser nwere ogologo ogologo nke naanị 17nm.Enwere ike iji nanolasers dị otú ahụ emechaa chọpụta kemịkalụ ma melite ikike nchekwa ozi nke diski kọmputa na kọmputa fotonic.
2. Ultraviolet nanolaser
Mgbe ọbịbịa nke micro-laser, micro-disk lasers, micro-ring lasers, na quantum avalanche lasers, chemist Yang Peidong na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na Mahadum California, Berkeley, mere ụlọ okpomọkụ nanolasers.Zinc oxide nanolaser a nwere ike igbanye laser nwere eriri nke na-erughị 0.3nm yana ogologo nke 385nm n'okpuru mkpali ọkụ, nke a na-ewere dị ka laser kacha nta n'ụwa na otu n'ime ngwaọrụ bara uru arụpụtara site na iji nanotechnology.Na mmalite nke mmepe mmepe, ndị nchọpụta buru amụma na ZnO nanolaser a dị mfe ịmepụta, nchapụta dị elu, obere nha, na arụmọrụ ya hà ma ọ bụ ọbụna karịa GaN blue lasers.N'ihi ike ịme nnukwu njupụta nanowire arrays, ZnO nanolasers nwere ike tinye ọtụtụ ngwa na-agaghị ekwe omume na ngwaọrụ GaAs taa.Iji na-eto ụdị lasers dị otú ahụ, a na-emepụta ZnO nanowire site na usoro njem gas nke na-eme ka uto kristal epitaxial pụta.Nke mbụ, a na-ekpuchi ihe nkiri sapphire na oyi akwa nke 1 nm ~ 3.5nm ihe nkiri ọla edo, wee tinye ya na ụgbọ mmiri alumina, ihe na ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na 880 ° C ~ 905 Celsius C na amonia eruba na-emepụta. Zn uzuoku, na mgbe ahụ, uzuoku Zn na-ebuga na mkpụrụ.Nanowires nke 2μm ~ 10μm nwere akụkụ akụkụ akụkụ hexagonal ka emepụtara na usoro uto nke 2min ~ 10min.Ndị nyocha ahụ chọpụtara na ZnO nanowire na-etolite oghere laser eke nwere dayameta nke 20nm ruo 150nm, na ọtụtụ (95%) nke dayameta ya bụ 70nm ruo 100nm.Iji mụọ ihe na-akpali akpali nke nanowires, ndị ọrụ nyocha ahụ ji anya atụpụta ihe nlele ahụ na griin haus nwere mmepụta nke anọ nke Nd: YAG laser (266nm wavelength, 3ns pulse wide).N'oge evolushọn nke ụdị ikuku dị iche iche, ọkụ na-agbanyụ na mmụba nke ike mgbapụta.Mgbe lasing karịrị ọnụ ụzọ nke ZnO nanowire (ihe dịka 40kW/cm), ebe kachasị elu ga-apụta na ụdị ikuku ikuku.Obosara ahịrị nke isi ihe ndị a na-erughị 0.3nm, nke karịrị 1/50 na-erughị obosara ahịrị site na ikuku ikuku dị n'okpuru ọnụ ụzọ.Ogologo ahịrị ndị a dị warara na mmụba ngwa ngwa n'ike ikuku mere ka ndị nyocha ahụ kwubie na ikuku mkpali na-eme n'ezie na nanowires ndị a.Ya mere, nke a nanowire n'usoro nwere ike na-eme dị ka a eke resonator ma si otú a bụrụ ezigbo micro laser isi iyi.Ndị na-eme nchọpụta kwenyere na a pụrụ iji nanolaser dị mkpụmkpụ a na-eme ihe n'ọhịa nke mgbakọ anya, nchekwa ozi na nanoanalyzer.
3. Quantum ọma lasers
Tupu na mgbe 2010 gasịrị, obosara ahịrị etched na mgbawa semiconductor ga-eru 100nm ma ọ bụ obere, na a ga-enwe naanị ole na ole eletrọn na-agagharị na sekit, mmụba na mbelata nke elektrọn ga-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọrụ nke igwe eletrik. sekit.Iji dozie nsogbu a, a mụrụ quantum well lasers.N'ọrụ igwe quantum, mpaghara nwere ike igbochi mmegharị nke eletrọn na ọnụọgụ ha ka a na-akpọ quantum well.A na-eji ihe mgbochi quantum a na-emepụta ọkwa ike quantum n'ime oyi akwa na-arụ ọrụ nke laser semiconductor, nke mere na mgbanwe eletrọnịkị n'etiti ọkwa ike na-achịkwa radieshon obi ụtọ nke laser, nke bụ quantum well laser.E nwere ụdị abụọ nke quantum well lasers: quantum line lasers na quantum dot lasers.
① eriri eriri laser
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị arụpụtala laser waya quantum nke dị ike ugboro 1,000 karịa laser ọdịnala, na-ewere nnukwu nzọụkwụ n'ịmepụta kọmpụta ngwa ngwa na ngwaọrụ nkwukọrịta.Laser, nke nwere ike ịbawanye ọsọ nke ọdịyo, vidiyo, ịntanetị na ụdị nkwurịta okwu ndị ọzọ na netwọk fiber optic, bụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na Mahadum Yale, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS na New Jersey na Max Planck Institute for Physics na Dresden, mepụtara. Germany.Igwe ọkụ ọkụ ndị a dị elu ga-ebelata mkpa maka ndị na-emegharị ọnụ ọnụ, bụ nke a na-etinye na 80km (50 kilomita) n'akụkụ eriri nkwurịta okwu, na-emepụtaghachi ọkpụkpụ laser nke na-esiwanye ike ka ha na-agafe na eriri (Repeaters).
Oge nzipu: Jun-15-2023