Nanolaser bụ ụdị obere na nano nke e ji ihe ndị dị ka nanowire mee dị ka resonator ma nwee ike ịpụta laser n'okpuru fotoexcitation ma ọ bụ mkpali eletriki. Nha laser a na-abụkarị naanị narị micron ma ọ bụ ọbụna iri micron, dayameta ya dịkwa na usoro nanometer, nke bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ihe ngosi ihe nkiri dị gịrịgịrị n'ọdịnihu, ihe ndị e jikọtara ọnụ na ubi ndị ọzọ.
Nhazi nke nanolaser:
1. Nanowire laser
Na 2001, ndị nchọpụta na Mahadum California, Berkeley, na United States, kere obere laser n'ụwa - nanolas - na waya nanoptic naanị otu puku nke ogologo ntutu mmadụ. Laser a anaghị ewepụta naanị ultraviolet laser, kamakwa enwere ike ịhazi ya ka ọ na-ewepụta laser site na acha anụnụ anụnụ ruo na ultraviolet miri emi. Ndị nchọpụta ahụ jiri usoro ọkọlọtọ a na-akpọ oriented epiphytation mepụta laser site na kristal zinc oxide dị ọcha. Ha buru ụzọ mepụta nanowires "a zụlitere", ya bụ, e guzobere na oyi akwa ọlaedo nwere dayameta nke 20nm ruo 150nm na ogologo nke waya zinc oxide dị ọcha 10,000 nm. Mgbe ahụ, mgbe ndị nchọpụta mere ka kristal zinc oxide dị ọcha rụọ ọrụ na nanowires na laser ọzọ n'okpuru griin haus, kristal zinc oxide dị ọcha na-ewepụta laser nwere ogologo ebili mmiri nke naanị 17nm. Enwere ike iji nanolasers ndị dị otú ahụ chọpụta kemịkalụ ma melite ikike nchekwa ozi nke diski kọmputa na kọmputa photonic.
2. Nanolaza Ultraviolet
Mgbe e mechara mepụta obere laser, obere laser, obere laser, na obere lasers, ndị ọkachamara kemist Yang Peidong na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na Mahadum California, Berkeley, mepụtara obere lasers okpomọkụ ụlọ. Nanolaser zinc oxide a nwere ike ịpụta obere laser nwere obosara ahịrị nke na-erughị 0.3nm na ogologo ebili mmiri nke 385nm n'okpuru mkpali ìhè, nke a na-ewere dị ka obere laser n'ụwa na otu n'ime ngwaọrụ mbụ bara uru nke ejiri nanotechnology mepụta. Na mbido mmepe, ndị nchọpụta buru amụma na obere laser ZnO a dị mfe imepụta, ìhè dị elu, obere nha, arụmọrụ ya hà nhata ma ọ bụ ọbụna karịa lasers anụnụ anụnụ GaN. N'ihi ikike ime ihe nanowire dị elu, obere lasers ZnO nwere ike itinye ọtụtụ ngwa ndị na-agaghị ekwe omume na ngwaọrụ GaAs nke oge a. Iji zụlite lasers ndị dị otú ahụ, a na-emepụta nanowire ZnO site na usoro mbufe gas nke na-akwalite uto kristal epitaxial. Nke mbụ, a na-eji ihe mkpuchi ọlaedo nke 1 nm ~ 3.5nm kpuchie ihe mkpuchi sapphire ahụ, wee tinye ya n'ụgbọ mmiri alumina, a na-ekpo ọkụ ihe ahụ na ihe mkpuchi ahụ ruo 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C na mmiri ammonia iji mepụta steam Zn, wee buru steam Zn gaa na ihe mkpuchi ahụ. E mepụtara nanowires nke 2μm ~ 10μm nwere mpaghara hexagonal na usoro uto nke nkeji 2 ~ 10. Ndị nchọpụta chọpụtara na nanowire ZnO na-emepụta oghere laser eke nwere dayameta nke 20nm ruo 150nm, ọtụtụ (95%) nke dayameta ya bụ 70nm ruo 100nm. Iji mụọ mwepụta nke nanowires kpaliri, ndị nchọpụta jiri anya gbapụta ihe nlele ahụ n'ime ụlọ griin ham na mmepụta harmonic nke anọ nke laser Nd:YAG (ogologo 266nm, obosara 3ns). N'oge mgbanwe nke spectrum emission, ìhè ahụ na-agbagọ site na mmụba nke ike mgbapụta. Mgbe lasing gafere oke ZnO nanowire (ihe dị ka 40kW/cm), isi kachasị elu ga-apụta na spectrum emission. Obosara ahịrị nke isi ihe ndị a kachasị elu erughị 0.3nm, nke karịrị 1/50 pere mpe karịa obosara ahịrị site na vertex emission dị n'okpuru oke. Obosara ahịrị ndị a dị warara na mmụba ngwa ngwa na ike emission mere ka ndị nchọpụta kwubie na emission na-akpali akpali na-eme n'ezie na nanowire ndị a. Ya mere, usoro nanowire a nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka resonator eke ma si otú a bụrụ isi iyi micro laser zuru oke. Ndị nchọpụta kwenyere na enwere ike iji nanolaser obere-wavelength a n'ọhịa nke kọmputa anya, nchekwa ozi na nanoanalyzer.
3. Lasers nke ọma nke kwantum
Tupu na mgbe afọ 2010 gachara, obosara ahịrị e tinyere na mgbawa semiconductor ga-eru 100nm ma ọ bụ ihe na-erughị ya, a ga-enwekwa naanị elektrọn ole na ole na-agagharị na sekit ahụ, mmụba na mbelata nke elektrọn ga-enwe nnukwu mmetụta na ọrụ sekit ahụ. Iji dozie nsogbu a, a mụrụ leza olulu quantum. Na mekaniki quantum, a na-akpọ oghere nwere ike nke na-egbochi mmegharị nke elektrọn ma na-eme ka ha dị nhata. A na-eji mmachi quantum a emepụta ọkwa ike quantum na oyi akwa na-arụ ọrụ nke leza semiconductor, nke mere na mgbanwe elektrọnik n'etiti ọkwa ike na-achịkwa radieshon nke leza ahụ, nke bụ leza olulu quantum. E nwere ụdị leza olulu quantum abụọ: leza ahịrị quantum na leza ntụpọ quantum.
① Laser ahịrị kwantum
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị emepụtala laser waya quantum nke dị ike karịa laser ọdịnala ugboro 1,000, na-eme nnukwu nzọụkwụ n'ịmepụta kọmputa na ngwaọrụ nkwukọrịta ngwa ngwa. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na Mahadum Yale, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS na New Jersey na Max Planck Institute for Physics na Dresden, Germany mepụtara laser a, nke nwere ike ịbawanye ọsọ nke ọdịyo, vidiyo, ịntanetị na ụdị nkwukọrịta ndị ọzọ site na netwọk fiber-optic, mepụtara ya. Laser ndị a nwere ike dị elu ga-ebelata mkpa maka ndị na-emegharị ihe dị oke ọnụ, nke a na-etinye kwa kilomita 80 (maịlụ 50) n'akụkụ ahịrị nkwukọrịta, na-emepụtakwa pulses laser ndị na-adịghị ike ka ha na-agafe eriri (Repeaters).
Oge ozi: Jun-15-2023