Klas TW na nke abụọ X-ray pulse laser

Klas TW na nke abụọ X-ray pulse laser
X-ray nke abụọpulse lasernwere ike dị elu na oge mkpirisi mkpirisi bụ isi ihe iji nweta ultrafast nononlinear spectroscopy na X-ray diffraction imaging. Ndị otu nyocha ahụ nọ na United States ji ogbo nke nwere agba abụọX-ray na-enweghị eletrọn laseriji wepụta mkpụrụ akụ nke abụọ dị iche. E jiri ya tụnyere akụkọ ndị dị ugbu a, nkezi ike kacha elu nke pulses na-abawanye site n'usoro ịdị ukwuu, ike kachasị elu bụ 1.1 TW, na ike etiti bụ ihe karịrị 100 μJ. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ na-enyekwa ihe akaebe siri ike maka omume superradiation yiri soliton na mpaghara X-ray.Laser ike dị eluakwalitela ọtụtụ akụkụ ọhụrụ nke nyocha, gụnyere physics dị elu, attosecond spectroscopy, na ngwa ngwa laser. N'ime ụdị laser niile, a na-eji X-ray eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na nyocha ahụike, nchọpụta ntụpọ ụlọ ọrụ, nyocha nchekwa na nyocha sayensị. X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) nwere ike ịbawanye ike X-ray kachasị elu site n'ọtụtụ iwu nke ịdị ukwuu ma e jiri ya tụnyere teknụzụ ọgbọ X-ray ndị ọzọ, si otú a na-agbatị ngwa nke X-ray na mpaghara nke na-abụghị online spectroscopy na otu- onyonyo diffraction urughuru ebe achọrọ ike dị elu. XFEL attosecond gara nke ọma n'oge na-adịbeghị anya bụ nnukwu ihe enwetara na sayensị na teknụzụ nke abụọ, na-abawanye ike kacha dịnụ site n'ihe karịrị usoro isii nke ịdị ukwuu ma e jiri ya tụnyere isi mmalite X-ray benchtop.

Laser elektrọn efunwere ike nweta ume pulse ọtụtụ iwu nke ịdị elu dị elu karịa ọkwa ikuku na-enweghị onwe ya site na iji enweghị nkwụsi ike mkpokọta, nke a na-akpata site na mkparịta ụka na-aga n'ihu nke mpaghara radieshon na relativistic electron beam na magnetik oscillator. N'ime oke X-ray siri ike (ihe dịka 0.01 nm ruo 0.1 nm wavelength), FEL na-enweta site na mkpakọ ngwugwu na usoro coning post-saturation. N'ebe dị nro X-ray dị nro (ihe dịka 0.1 nm ruo 10 nm wavelength), a na-emejuputa FEL site na teknụzụ cascade ọhụrụ. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-akọ na a na-emepụta mkpụrụ akụ attosecond nke nwere ike kacha elu nke 100 GW site na iji usoro nkwalite onwe onye na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè (ESASE).

Ndị otu nyocha ahụ jiri usoro nkwalite ọkwa abụọ dabere na XFEL iji mee ka mmepụta X-ray dị nro attosecond pulse sitere na linac coherent.ìhè isi iyiruo ọkwa TW, usoro mmụba dị ukwuu karịa nsonaazụ akọpụtara. E gosipụtara nhazi nnwale ahụ na eserese 1. Dabere na usoro ESASE, a na-emezi fotocathode emitter iji nweta oghere eletrọn nke nwere ogo dị elu ugbu a, a na-ejikwa ya na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ X-ray attosecond. Ọkpụkpụ nke mbụ dị na nsọtụ ihu nke spike nke eriri elektrọn, dị ka egosiri na akuku aka ekpe elu nke Figure 1. Mgbe XFEL rutere saturation, ọkụ eletrik na-egbu oge n'ihe gbasara X-ray site na compressor magnetik, na mgbe ahụ pulse na-emekọrịta ihe na eletrọn beam (iberibe ọhụrụ) nke na-agbanweghị site na ESASE modulation ma ọ bụ FEL laser. N'ikpeazụ, a na-eji undulator magnetik nke abụọ na-amụbawanye X-ray site na mmekọrịta nke attosecond pulses na iberi ọhụrụ.

FIG. 1 eserese ngwaọrụ nnwale; Ihe atụ a na-egosi oghere ogologo oge (ihe osise oge-ike nke eletrọn, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ), profaịlụ dị ugbu a (acha anụnụ anụnụ), na radieshon mepụtara site na mmụba nke mbụ (acha odo odo). XTCAV, oghere transverse X-band; cVMI, coaxial ngwa ngwa eserese eserese; FZP, Fresnel band plate spectrometer

A na-ewu pulses attosecond niile site na mkpọtụ, ya mere pulse ọ bụla nwere ihe ngosi dị iche iche na oge-ngalaba, nke ndị nyocha nyochara n'ụzọ zuru ezu. N'ihe gbasara spectra, ha na-eji Fresnel band plate spectrometer tụọ ụdị dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ akụ n'otu n'otu n'ogo ogologo undulator dị iche iche, wee chọpụta na ụdịdị ndị a na-edobe ụdị ebili mmiri dị nro ọbụna mgbe nkwalite nke abụọ gasịrị, na-egosi na ọkpụkpụ ahụ nọgidere na-adị otu. N'ime oge oge, a na-atụ ọnụ ọnụ akụkụ ma na-egosipụta oge ebili mmiri nke pulse. Dị ka egosiri na eserese 1, pulse X-ray na-ekpuchi ya na eriri laser infrared nke nwere okirikiri. Igwe foto elektrọn nke ionized site na ụbụrụ X-ray ga-emepụta streaks na ntụzịaka megide ikike vector nke laser infrared. N'ihi na ọkụ eletrik nke laser na-agbagharị na oge, a na-ekpebi nkesa ọkụ ọkụ nke fotoelectron site na oge nke ikuku electron, na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọnọdụ angular nke oge mgbapụta na ike nkesa fotoelectron na-eguzobe. A na-atụ nkesa nke fotoelectron site na iji spectrometer eserese nke ngwa ngwa coaxial. Dabere na nkesa na steepụ steepụ, a ga-ewughachi oge-ngalaba waveform nke attosecond pulses. Ọgụgụ 2 (a) na-egosi nkesa nke oge usu, na etiti nke 440 dị ka. N'ikpeazụ, a na-eji onye na-ahụ maka nlekota gas na-achọpụta ike nke ike pulse, na a na-agbakọ ihe mgbagwoju anya n'etiti ike kachasị elu na oge nkwụsị dị ka egosiri na Figure 2 (b). Nhazi atọ ndị a kwekọrọ na ọnọdụ elebara ọkụ eletrọn dị iche iche, ọnọdụ coning waver na ọnọdụ igbu oge magnetik. Nhazi atọ ahụ wetara nkezi ike pulse nke 150, 200, na 260 µJ, n'otu n'otu, yana ike kachasị elu nke 1.1 TW.

Ọgụgụ 2. (a) Nkesa histogram nke ọkara-ịdị elu Full obosara (FWHM) usu oge; (b) Gbasasịa nkata dabara na ike kacha elu na oge usu

Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọmụmụ ihe ahụ hụkwara na nke mbụ ihe dị na soliton-dị ka superemission na band X-ray, nke na-egosi dị ka mkpirisi usu na-aga n'ihu n'oge mmụba. Ọ na-ebute ya site na mmekọrịta siri ike n'etiti electrons na radieshon, na ike na-ebufe ngwa ngwa site na electron gaa n'isi nke ụbụrụ X-ray wee laghachi na electron site na ọdụ nke usu. Site na nyocha miri emi nke ihe omume a, a na-atụ anya na a ga-enwe ike nweta mmetụta X-ray nwere oge dị mkpụmkpụ yana ike dị elu site na ịgbatị usoro mmụba nke superradiation na iji ohere nke mbelata pulse na ọnọdụ soliton dị ka.