Laser X-ray pulse nke klas TW attosecond

Laser X-ray pulse nke klas TW attosecond
X-ray nke Attosecondlaser pulseIji nweta onyonyo onyonyo nke na-anaghị agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu, ọ dị mkpa ka e jiri ya mee ihe n'ụzọ dị mfe, ma nwee ike dị elu ma nwee obere oge mkpali, ọ bụkwa isi ihe dị mkpa iji nweta onyonyo onyonyo nke na-anaghị agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu, tinyere onyonyo onyonyo X-ray. Ndị otu nyocha ahụ na mba Amerịka jiri usoro onyonyo nke nwere usoro abụọ.Laser elektrọn na-enweghị X-rayiji wepụta mkpali attosecond dị iche iche. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere akụkọ ndị dị ugbu a, ike kachasị elu nke pulses na-abawanye site na usoro nha, ike kachasị elu bụ 1.1 TW, ike etiti karịrị 100 μJ. Ọmụmụ ihe a na-enyekwa ihe akaebe siri ike maka omume superradiation dị ka soliton na mpaghara X-ray.Lasers nwere ike dị eluemeela ka ọtụtụ ebe ọhụrụ nke nyocha pụta ìhè, gụnyere physics dị elu, attosecond spectroscopy, na ngwa ngwa laser particle accelerates. N'etiti ụdị laser niile, a na-eji X-ray eme ihe nke ukwuu na nchọpụta ahụike, nchọpụta ntụpọ ụlọ ọrụ, nyocha nchekwa na nyocha sayensị. X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) nwere ike ịbawanye ike X-ray kachasị elu site na ọtụtụ usoro nha ma e jiri ya tụnyere teknụzụ mmepụta X-ray ndị ọzọ, si otú a na-agbatị ojiji nke X-ray na mpaghara nke spectroscopy na-abụghị nke linear na onyonyo diffraction otu ebe achọrọ ike dị elu. XFEL nke attosecond gara nke ọma n'oge na-adịbeghị anya bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na sayensị na teknụzụ attosecond, na-amụba ike kachasị elu dị site na ihe karịrị usoro isii nke nha ma e jiri ya tụnyere isi mmalite X-ray benchtop.

Laser elektrọn efunwere ike inweta ike mkpali ọtụtụ usoro dị elu karịa ọkwa mwepụta mberede site na iji enweghị ntụkwasị obi mkpokọta, nke sitere na mmekọrịta na-aga n'ihu nke ubi radieshon na eriri elektrọn relativistic na oscillator magnet. Na oke X-ray siri ike (ihe dị ka 0.01 nm ruo 0.1 nm wavelength), a na-enweta FEL site na mkpakọ ngwugwu na usoro coning mgbe saturation gasịrị. Na oke X-ray dị nro (ihe dị ka 0.1 nm ruo 10 nm wavelength), a na-eme FEL site na teknụzụ cascade fresh-slice. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, akọpụtala na attosecond pulses nwere ike kachasị elu nke 100 GW na-eji usoro emission spontaneous onwe-emplified (ESASE) emelitere.

Ndị otu nnyocha ahụ jiri sistemụ mmụba nke ọkwa abụọ dabere na XFEL iji mee ka mmepụta X-ray attosecond pulse dị nro si na linac coherent dịkwuo elu.isi iyi ọkụruo ọkwa TW, usoro mmụba nha karịa nsonaazụ akọpụtara. E gosiri ntọala nnwale ahụ na Foto 1. Dabere na usoro ESASE, a na-agbanwe ihe na-emepụta fotocathode iji nweta oghere elektrọn nwere nnukwu spike ọkụ, a na-ejikwa ya emepụta pulses X-ray attosecond. Mkpụrụ mbụ dị n'akụkụ ihu nke spike nke oghere elektrọn, dịka egosiri na nkuku aka ekpe elu nke Foto 1. Mgbe XFEL ruru njupụta, a na-egbu oge oghere elektrọn ma e jiri ya tụnyere X-ray site na compressor magnet, mgbe ahụ, pulse na-akpakọrịta na oghere elektrọn (mkpirisi ọhụrụ) nke modulation ESASE ma ọ bụ laser FEL anaghị agbanwe. N'ikpeazụ, a na-eji ihe ndọda magnet nke abụọ iji mee ka X-ray dịkwuo elu site na mmekọrịta nke pulses attosecond na mpekere ọhụrụ.

FIG. 1 Eserese ngwaọrụ nnwale; Ihe osise ahụ na-egosi oghere oge ogologo (eserese ike oge nke elektrọn, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ), profaịlụ ugbu a (acha anụnụ anụnụ), na radieshon nke mmụba nke usoro mbụ (acha odo odo) mepụtara. XTCAV, oghere transverse X-band; cVMI, sistemụ onyonyo maapụ ngwa ngwa coaxial; FZP, Fresnel band spectrometer

E ji mkpọtụ rụọ attosecond pulses niile, ya mere pulse ọ bụla nwere njirimara spectral na oge dị iche iche, nke ndị nchọpụta nyochachara nke ọma. N'ihe gbasara spectra, ha jiri Fresnel band spectrometer tụọ spectra nke pulses nke ọ bụla na ogologo undolator dị iche iche, ma chọpụta na spectra ndị a nọgidere na-enwe ebili mmiri dị nro ọbụlagodi mgbe emelitere nke abụọ, na-egosi na pulses ahụ nọgidere na-adị iche. Na mpaghara oge, a na-atụ fringe angular ma mara ebili mmiri mpaghara oge nke pulse ahụ. Dịka egosiri na Foto 1, a na-ekpuchi pulse X-ray na pulse laser infrared polarized gburugburu. Fotoelectrons nke X-ray pulse mere ka ọ dị ka ion ga-emepụta streaks n'akụkụ dị iche na ikike vektọ nke laser infrared. N'ihi na ubi eletrik nke laser na-agbagharị ka oge na-aga, a na-ekpebi nkesa spimentation nke photoelectron site na oge nke emission elektrọn, a na-emekwa ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụdị angular nke oge emission na nkesa momentum nke photoelectron guzosie ike. A na-eji igwe onyonyo foto ngwa ngwa coaxial tụọ nkesa nke ọkụ fotoelectron. Dabere na nsonaazụ nkesa na spectral, enwere ike ịmegharị ụdị ebili mmiri nke attosecond pulses. Foto nke 2 (a) na-egosi nkesa nke oge pulses, yana etiti nke 440 dị ka. N'ikpeazụ, ejiri ihe nchọpụta gas tụọ ike pulses, a gbakọọkwara eserese gbasaa n'etiti ike pulses kacha elu na oge pulses dịka egosiri na Foto nke 2 (b). Nhazi atọ ahụ kwekọrọ na ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke elektrọn bulbs lekwasị anya, ọnọdụ waver coning na ọnọdụ igbu oge compressor magnet. Nhazi atọ ahụ nyere nkezi ike pulses nke 150, 200, na 260 µJ, n'otu n'otu, yana ike kachasị elu nke 1.1 TW.

Foto nke 2. (a) Histogram nkesa nke ọkara-elu Ogologo oge mkpali obosara zuru oke (FWHM); (b) Ihe osise gbasaa nke kwekọrọ na ike kachasị elu na oge mkpali

Tinyere nke ahụ, ọmụmụ ihe ahụ hụkwara maka oge mbụ ihe na-eme ka ihe dị ka soliton dị ka superemission dị na X-ray band, nke na-apụta dị ka mkpụmkpụ mkpali na-aga n'ihu n'oge mmụba. Ọ bụ mmekọrịta siri ike dị n'etiti elektrọn na radieshon, ebe ike si na elektrọn gaa n'isi X-ray pulse wee laghachi na elektrọn site na ọdụ nke pulse. Site na ọmụmụ miri emi nke ihe a, a na-atụ anya na a ga-enweta pulse X-ray nwere obere oge na ike kachasị elu site na ịgbatị usoro mmụba superradiation na iji uru nke mkpụmkpụ pulse na ụdị soliton.