Ihe nchọta foto nke lithium niobate (LN).

Ihe nchọta foto nke lithium niobate (LN).

Lithium niobate (LN) nwere usoro kristal pụrụ iche na mmetụta anụ ahụ bara ụba, dị ka mmetụta na-abụghị nke ntanetị, mmetụta electro-optic, mmetụta pyroelectric, na mmetụta piezoelectric. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ nwere uru nke windo transparency optical wideband na nkwụsi ike ogologo oge. Njirimara ndị a na-eme ka LN bụrụ ikpo okwu dị mkpa maka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke fotonics agbakwunyere. Na ngwa anya na sistemu optoelectronic, njirimara nke LN nwere ike inye ọrụ na arụmọrụ bara ụba, na-akwalite mmepe nke nzikọrịta ozi anya, mgbako ngwa anya, na mpaghara mmetụta anya. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi adịghị ike absorption na mkpuchi mkpuchi nke lithium niobate, ngwa ngwa nke lithium niobate ka na-eche nsogbu nke nchọpụta siri ike ihu. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, akụkọ dị n'ubi a gụnyere ihe nchọta foto agbakwunyere na waveguide na ndị na-ahụ maka foto heterojunction.
Igwefoto agbakwunyere fotodetector nke dabere na lithium niobate na-elekwasịkarị anya na nkwukọrịta ngwa anya C-band (1525-1565nm). N'ihe gbasara ọrụ, LN na-arụ ọrụ nke ebili mmiri na-eduzi, ebe ọrụ nchọpụta optoelectronic na-adabere na semiconductor dị ka silicon, III-V otu obere bandgap semiconductor, na ihe akụkụ abụọ. N'ime ihe owuwu dị otú ahụ, a na-ebunye ọkụ site na lithium niobate optical waveguides na obere mfu, wee tinye ya na ihe ndị ọzọ semiconductor dabere na mmetụta fotoelectric (dị ka fotoconductivity ma ọ bụ mmetụta fotovoltaic) iji mee ka ntinye uche na-ebu ibu ma gbanwee ya na akara eletriki maka mmepụta. Uru ndị a bụ nnukwu bandwidth na-arụ ọrụ (~ GHz), voltaji arụ ọrụ dị ala, obere nha, yana ndakọrịta na ntinye mgbawa fotonic. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na nkewa nke lithium niobate na semiconductor ihe, ọ bụ ezie na onye ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ nke ya, LN na-ekere òkè na-eduzi ebili mmiri na ndị ọzọ magburu onwe ala ala ọzọ ejighi nke ọma. Ihe ndị semiconductor na-arụ ọrụ naanị na ntughari fotoelectric na enweghị njikọ agbakwunyere n'etiti onwe ha, na-ebute obere ọrụ ọrụ. N'ihe gbasara mmejuputa a kapịrị ọnụ, njikọta nke ọkụ sitere na isi iyi na lithium niobate optical waveguide na-ebute nnukwu mfu na usoro siri ike chọrọ. Na mgbakwunye, ezigbo ike anya nke ọkụ na-agbanye na ọwa ngwaọrụ semiconductor na mpaghara njikọ ahụ siri ike ịhazi, nke na-egbochi ọrụ nchọpụta ya.
OmenalafotodetectorA na-eji ngwa onyonyo eme ihe na-adaberekarị na ihe semiconductor. Ya mere, maka lithium niobate, ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye ọkụ ya dị ala na ihe mkpuchi na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe ịrụ ụka adịghị ya na ndị na-eme nchọpụta fotodetector adịghị amasị ya, na ọbụna ebe siri ike n'ọhịa. Agbanyeghị, mmepe nke teknụzụ heterojunction n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya emewo ka olile anya na nyocha nke lithium niobate photodetectors. Ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike mmịnye ọkụ ma ọ bụ ezigbo conductivity nwere ike jikọta ya na lithium niobate iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka adịghị ike ya. N'otu oge ahụ, polarization na-enweghị onwe ya kpatara njirimara pyroelectric nke lithium niobate n'ihi anisotropy nhazi ya nwere ike ịchịkwa site na ịtụgharị na okpomọkụ n'okpuru irradiation ọkụ, si otú ahụ gbanwee àgwà pyroelectric maka nchọpụta optoelectronic. Mmetụta okpomọkụ a nwere uru nke wideband na ịkwọ ụgbọala onwe ya, ma nwee ike ịkwado ya nke ọma ma jikọta ya na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ojiji na-emekọrịta ihe nke thermal na photoelectric emeghewo oge ọhụrụ maka lithium niobate photodetectors, na-enyere ngwaọrụ aka ijikọta uru nke mmetụta abụọ ahụ. Na-eme ka elu maka adịghị ike na nweta mmekọ mwekota nke uru, Ọ bụ nnyocha hotspot na-adịbeghị anya. Na mgbakwunye, itinye n'ọrụ nke ntinye ion, injinia band, na injinịa nwere nkwarụ bụkwa ezigbo nhọrọ iji dozie ihe isi ike nke ịchọpụta lithium niobate. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi nnukwu nhazi nhazi nke lithium niobate, ubi a ka na-eche ihe ịma aka dị ukwuu ihu dị ka njikọ dị ala, ngwaọrụ na-ese foto na usoro, na arụmọrụ ezughị ezu, nke nwere nnukwu uru nyocha na ohere.

Ọnụọgụ 1, na-eji ntụpọ ike dị n'ime LN bandgap dị ka ebe ndị na-enye onyinye eletrọn, a na-emepụta ndị na-ebu ụgwọ n'efu na band conduction n'okpuru mkpali ọkụ a na-ahụ anya. Tụnyere ndị na-ahụ maka foto pyroelectric LN gara aga, nke na-ejedebe na ọsọ nzaghachi nke gburugburu 100Hz, nke aOnye nyocha foto LNnwere ọsọ nzaghachi ngwa ngwa ruru 10kHz. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, n'ime ọrụ a, egosiri na magnesium ion doped LN nwere ike nweta mgbanwe ọkụ mpụga site na nzaghachi ruru 10kHz. Ọrụ a na-akwalite nyocha na arụmọrụ dị elu nafotodetector LN dị elun'ịrụpụta ibe ọkụkọ fotonic LN na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
Na nchịkọta, ngalaba nyocha nkeobere ihe nkiri lithium niobate fotodetectorsnwere mkpa sayensị dị mkpa yana nnukwu ngwa ngwa bara uru. N'ọdịnihu, na mmepe nke nkà na ụzụ na omimi nke nnyocha, thin film lithium niobate (LN) photodetectors ga-etolite kwupụta elu mwekota. Ijikọta ụzọ ntinye dị iche iche iji nweta arụmọrụ dị elu, nzaghachi ngwa ngwa, na wideband thin film lithium niobate photodetectors n'akụkụ niile ga-abụ eziokwu, nke ga-akwalite mmepe nke ntinye on-chip na mpaghara ọgụgụ isi, ma nyekwuo ohere maka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ngwa photonics.