Ụkpụrụ ọrụ na isi ụdị nkesemiconductor laser
SemiconductorLaser diodes, na ha elu arụmọrụ, miniaturization na wavelength di iche iche, na-ọtụtụ-eji dị ka isi akụrụngwa nke optoelectronic technology na ubi dị ka nkwurịta okwu, nlekọta ahụike na ulo oru nhazi. Edemede a na-ewebata ụkpụrụ ọrụ na ụdị nke lasers semiconductor, nke dị mma maka ntụaka nhọrọ nke ọtụtụ ndị nyocha optoelectronic.
1. Ụkpụrụ na-emepụta ọkụ nke lasers semiconductor
Ụkpụrụ luminescence nke lasers semiconductor dabere na nhazi band, ntụgharị eletrọnịkị na ihe na-akpali akpali nke ihe semiconductor. Ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe bụ ụdị ihe eji eme ihe na bandgap, nke gụnyere eriri valence na band conduction. Mgbe ihe dị na ala ala, electrons na-ejupụta valence band mgbe enweghị electrons na conduction band. Mgbe etinyere ụfọdụ ọkụ eletrik n'èzí ma ọ bụ tinye ihe dị ugbu a, ụfọdụ electrons ga-esi na valence band gaa na band conduction, na-akpụ ụzọ abụọ electron-hole. N'oge usoro ntọhapụ ume, mgbe ụzọ abụọ electron-oghere na-akpali site n'èzí ụwa, photons, ya bụ, lasers, ga-eme.
2. Ụzọ mkpali nke lasers semiconductor
Enwere ụzọ mkpali atọ maka lasers semiconductor, ya bụ ụdị ịgba ọkụ eletrik, ụdị mgbapụta anya na ụdị mkpali ọkụ eletrik dị elu.
Laser semiconductor na-agbanye ọkụ eletrik: N'ozuzu, ha bụ semiconductor elu-junction diodes nke ihe ndị dị ka gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium sulfide (CdS), indium phosphide (InP), na zinc sulfide (ZnS). Ha na-enwe obi ụtọ site n'ịgbanye ihe dị ugbu a n'akụkụ ihu n'ihu, na-eme ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na mpaghara ụgbọ elu nkwụsị.
Optically pumped semiconductor lasers: N'ozuzu, N-ụdị ma ọ bụ P-ụdị semiconductor otu kristal (dị ka GaAS, InAs, InSb, wdg) na-eji dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ ihe, nalaserA na-eji lasers ndị ọzọ ewepụtara dị ka ihe mkpali anya na-agbapụta.
Igwe ọkụ eletrik dị elu na-akpali akpali lasers semiconductor: N'ozuzu, ha na-ejikwa N-ụdị ma ọ bụ P-ụdị semiconductor otu kristal (dị ka PbS, CdS, ZhO, wdg) dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ ma na-enwe obi ụtọ site n'itinye ọkụ eletrik dị elu site n'èzí. N'ime ngwaọrụ laser semiconductor, nke nwere arụmọrụ ka mma yana ngwa ka ukwuu bụ laser GaAs diode na-agbanye ọkụ eletrik nwere heterostructure okpukpu abụọ.
3. Ụdị isi nke lasers semiconductor
Mpaghara na-arụ ọrụ nke laser semiconductor bụ ebe bụ isi maka ọgbọ foton na mmụba, na ọkpụrụkpụ ya bụ naanị micrometer ole na ole. A na-eji arụ ọrụ ebili mmiri dị n'ime iji gbochie mgbasa nke photons n'akụkụ wee kwalite njupụta ume (dị ka ridge waveguides na lie heterojunctions). Laser na-anabata ihe nrụpụta ikpo ọkụ ma họrọ ihe ndị na-eme ka ọkụ dị elu (dị ka ọla kọpa-tungsten alloy) maka ịgbasa ọkụ ngwa ngwa, nke nwere ike igbochi mfefe ogologo nke oke ọkụ na-akpata. Dabere na nhazi ha na ọnọdụ ngwa ha, enwere ike kewaa laser semiconductor n'ime ụdị anọ ndị a:
Laser na-eku ume (EEL)
A na-emepụta laser ahụ site na nkwụsị nke dị n'akụkụ mgbawa ahụ, na-akpụ ntụpọ elliptical (na akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe dịka 30 ° × 10 °). Ogologo ebili mmiri a na-ahụkarị gụnyere 808nm (maka mgbapụta), 980 nm (maka nzikọrịta ozi), na 1550 nm (maka nkwukọrịta eriri). A na-eji ya n'ọtụtụ ebe dị elu na-egbutu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, isi iyi mgbapụta fiber laser, na netwọkụ nzikọrịta ozi anya.
2. Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL)
A na-ebupụ laser ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'elu mgbawa ahụ, na-enwe okirikiri okirikiri na symmetrical (akụkụ dị iche <15°). Ọ na-ejikọta Bragg reflector (DBR) na-ekesa, na-ewepụ mkpa maka ihe ngosi nke mpụga. A na-eji ya eme ihe na 3D sensing (dị ka njirimara ihu ekwentị mkpanaaka), nkwurịta okwu anya dị mkpụmkpụ (ebe data), na LiDAR.
3. Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL)
Dabere na mgbanwe cascade nke eletrọn n'etiti quantum Wells, ogologo ikuku na-ekpuchi oke etiti ruo n'ebe dị anya (3-30 μm), na-enweghị mkpa mgbanwe ndị mmadụ. A na-emepụta fotons site na ntugharị nke ime obodo ma na-ejikarị na ngwa dị ka nchọpụta gas (dị ka nchọpụta CO₂), onyonyo terahertz, na nlekota gburugburu ebe obibi.
Nhazi oghere mpụga nke laser a na-emegharị emegharị (grating / prism / MEMS mirror) nwere ike nweta nlegharị anya n'ogologo nke ± 50 nm, yana eriri eriri dị warara (<100 kHz) na oke njụta n'akụkụ akụkụ (> 50 dB). A na-ejikarị ya na ngwa dị ka nkwukọrịta nkewavelength nkewa multiplexing (DWDM), nyocha spectral, na onyonyo biomedical. Semiconductor lasers na-ọtụtụ ebe na-eji na nkwurịta okwu laser ngwaọrụ, dijitalụ laser nchekwa ngwaọrụ, Laser nhazi akụrụngwa, Laser marking na nkwakọ ngwá, laser typesetting na-ebi akwụkwọ, laser ọgwụ ngwá, laser anya na collimation ngwá ọrụ, Laser ngwá na ngwá maka ntụrụndụ na agụmakwụkwọ, Laser components na akụkụ, wdg Ha bụ ndị bụ isi components nke laser ụlọ ọrụ. N'ihi ngwa ngwa ya dị iche iche, enwere ọtụtụ ụdị na ndị na-emepụta lasers. Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ, ọ ga-adabere na mkpa ụfọdụ na mpaghara ngwa. Ndị na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche nwere ngwa dị iche iche na mpaghara dị iche iche, na nhọrọ nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na laser kwesịrị ime dịka mpaghara ngwa ngwa nke ọrụ ahụ si dị.
Oge nzipu: Nov-05-2025