Ụkpụrụ ọrụ na ụdị isi nke laser semiconductor

Ụkpụrụ ọrụ na ụdị isilaser semiconductor

SemikọndustriDiode laser, n'ihi arụmọrụ dị elu ha, obere mgbanwe na ụdị ogologo ebili mmiri ha, a na-ejikarị ha eme ihe dị ka ihe ndị bụ isi nke teknụzụ optoelectronic n'ọhịa dịka nkwukọrịta, nlekọta ahụike na nhazi ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Isiokwu a na-ewebatakwa ụkpụrụ ọrụ na ụdị laser semiconductor, nke dị mma maka ntụaka nhọrọ nke ọtụtụ ndị nchọpụta optoelectronic.

1. Ụkpụrụ na-ewepụta ìhè nke laser semiconductor

Ụkpụrụ luminescence nke laser semiconductor dabere na nhazi eriri, mgbanwe eletrọniki na mwepụta nke ihe semiconductor. Ihe semiconductor bụ ụdị ihe nwere bandgap, nke gụnyere eriri valence na eriri conduction. Mgbe ihe ahụ dị n'ala, elektrọn na-ejupụta eriri valence ebe enweghị elektrọn na eriri conduction. Mgbe etinyere mpaghara eletrik ụfọdụ n'èzí ma ọ bụ gbanye ọkụ eletrik, ụfọdụ elektrọn ga-agbanwe site na eriri valence gaa na eriri conduction, na-emepụta eriri electron-hole. N'oge usoro mwepụta ike, mgbe ụwa mpụga na-akpali njikọ electron-hole ndị a, a ga-emepụta photons, ya bụ, lasers.

2. Ụzọ mkpali nke laser semiconductor

E nwere ụzọ mkpali atọ maka laser semiconductor, ya bụ ụdị injection eletriki, ụdị mgbapụta optical na ụdị mkpali electron berm dị elu.

Laser semiconductor nke a na-agba n'ọkụ eletrik: N'ozuzu, ha bụ diode semiconductor nke e ji ihe dịka gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium sulfide (CdS), indium phosphide (InP), na zinc sulfide (ZnS) mee. Ha na-enwe obi ụtọ site n'ịgbanye ọkụ eletrik n'akụkụ ihu, na-emepụta ihe na-akpali akpali na mpaghara njikọ ahụ.

Laser semiconductor nke a na-akpọ optically pumped: N'ozuzu, a na-eji kristal semiconductor nke ụdị N ma ọ bụ P (dịka GaAS, InAs, InSb, wdg) dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ, nalaserA na-eji ọgwụ laser ndị ọzọ emepụtara dị ka ihe mkpali a na-akpọ optic pumped.

Laser semiconductor nke nwere ike dị elu nke na-akpali ọkụ eletrik: N'ozuzu, ha na-ejikwa kristal semiconductor nke ụdị N ma ọ bụ ụdị P (dịka PbS, CdS, ZhO, wdg) dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ ma na-akpali ha site n'itinye ọkụ eletrik dị elu site n'èzí. N'ime ngwaọrụ laser semiconductor, nke nwere arụmọrụ ka mma na ojiji sara mbara bụ laser diode GaAs nke a na-etinye n'ọkụ eletrik nke nwere heterostructure abụọ.

3. Ụdị laser semiconductor bụ isi

Mpaghara Active nke laser semiconductor bụ ebe dị mkpa maka mmepụta na mmụba nke photon, ọkpụrụkpụ ya dịkwa naanị obere micromita ole na ole. A na-eji usoro nduzi ebili mmiri dị n'ime iji gbochie mgbasa nke photons n'akụkụ ma melite njupụta ike (dịka ndị ndu ridge na heterojunctions e liri). Laser ahụ na-eji nhazi sink okpomọkụ ma na-ahọrọ ihe ndị nwere ike ime ka okpomọkụ dị elu (dịka ọla kọpa-tungsten alloy) maka mwepụ okpomọkụ ngwa ngwa, nke nwere ike igbochi ntụgharị ebili mmiri nke oke okpomọkụ kpatara. Dịka usoro nhazi na ojiji ha si dị, enwere ike kewaa laser semiconductor n'ime ụdị anọ ndị a:

Laser Na-ewepụta Ọnụ (EEL)

A na-esi n'elu ebe a na-ekewa ihe n'akụkụ mgbawa ahụ apụta laser ahụ, na-emepụta ebe elliptical (nwere akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe dị ka 30° × 10°). Ogologo ebili mmiri nkịtị gụnyere 808nm (maka mgbapụta), 980 nm (maka nkwukọrịta), na 1550 nm (maka nkwukọrịta eriri). A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ịcha ihe dị ike nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, isi mmalite mgbapụta fiber laser, na netwọk azụ nkwukọrịta anya.

2. Laser nke na-ewepụta oghere dị n'elu oghere kwụ ọtọ (VCSEL)

A na-ewepụta laser ahụ n'akụkụ dị iche iche n'elu mgbawa ahụ, yana ìhè okirikiri na nke yiri ya (Angle divergence <15°). Ọ na-ejikọta Bragg reflector (DBR) nke kesara, na-ewepụ mkpa ọ dị maka reflector mpụga. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na nchọpụta 3D (dịka nchọpụta ihu ekwentị mkpanaaka), nkwukọrịta anya dị mkpụmkpụ (ebe data), na LiDAR.

3. Igwe ọkụ Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL)

Dabere na mgbanwe kaskade nke elektrọn n'etiti quantum Wells, ebili mmiri na-ekpuchi oke infrared dị n'etiti ruo n'ebe dị anya (3-30 μm), na-enweghị mkpa maka mgbanwe ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ. A na-emepụta foton site na mgbanwe intersubband ma a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na ngwa dịka nchọpụta gas (dịka nchọpụta CO₂), onyonyo terahertz, na nlekota gburugburu ebe obibi.

4. Laser a na-agbanwe agbanwe

Nhazi oghere dị n'èzí nke laser a na-agbanwe agbanwe (grating/prism/MEMS mirror) nwere ike iru oke nhazi ogologo nke ±50 nm, yana obosara ahịrị dị warara (<100 kHz) na oke njụ akụkụ dị elu (>50 dB). A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na ngwa dịka nkwukọrịta oke ogologo oge (DWDM), nyocha spectral, na onyonyo biomedical. A na-ejikarị laser semiconductor eme ihe na ngwaọrụ laser nkwukọrịta, ngwaọrụ nchekwa laser dijitalụ, akụrụngwa nhazi laser, akara laser na ngwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa, nhazi ụdị laser na mbipụta, akụrụngwa ahụike laser, ngwa nchọpụta anya na njikọ laser, ngwa laser na akụrụngwa maka ntụrụndụ na agụmakwụkwọ, akụkụ laser na akụkụ, wdg. Ha bụ akụkụ bụ isi nke ụlọ ọrụ laser. N'ihi ọtụtụ ngwa ya, enwere ọtụtụ ụdị na ndị na-emepụta laser. Mgbe ị na-eme nhọrọ, ọ kwesịrị ịdabere na mkpa na ubi ngwa. Ndị nrụpụta dị iche iche nwere ngwa dị iche iche na mpaghara dị iche iche, a ga-emekwa nhọrọ nke ndị nrụpụta na laser dịka ebe ọrụ ahụ si dị.