Silicon photonics ihe na-arụ ọrụ

Silicon photonics ihe na-arụ ọrụ

Ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ Photonics na-ezo aka kpọmkwem n'ichepụta mmekọrịta dị ike n'etiti ọkụ na ihe. Akụkụ a na-ahụkarị nke photonics bụ modulator anya. Ihe niile dabere na silicon ugbu angwa anya modulatorsdabere na mmetụta ndị na-ebu na-enweghị plasma. Ịgbanwe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke electrons efu na oghere na ihe silicon site na doping, eletriki ma ọ bụ ụzọ anya nwere ike ịgbanwe mgbagwoju anya refractive index, usoro egosiri na nha nha (1,2) nwetara site na ntinye data sitere na Soref na Bennett na ogologo nke 1550 nanometers. . E jiri ya tụnyere electrons, oghere na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke mgbanwe mgbanwe ngbanwe n'ezie na nke a na-eche n'echiche, ya bụ, ha nwere ike ịmepụta mgbanwe dị ukwuu maka mgbanwe mgbanwe efu, ya mere naMach-Zehnder modulatorsna mgbanaka modulators, a na-ahọrọkarị iji oghere meeusoro modulators.

Ụdị dị iche ichesilicon (Si) modulatoregosiri ụdịdị na eserese 10A. N'ime modulator injection nke ụgbọelu, ọkụ dị na silicon dị n'ime n'ime oghere ntụtụ sara mbara, a na-agbabakwa electrons na oghere. Otú ọ dị, ndị modulators dị otú ahụ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ, na-enwekarị bandwit nke 500 MHz, n'ihi na eletrọn na oghere efu na-ewe ogologo oge iji jikọta ya mgbe ịgbabachara. Ya mere, a na-ejikarị ihe owuwu a eme ihe dị ka onye na-agbanwe anya anya (VOA) karịa modulator. N'ime modulator mbelata ihe na-ebu ibu, akụkụ ọkụ dị na nkwụsị pn dị warara, a na-agbanwekwa obosara nkwụsị nke pn junction site na ọkụ eletrik etinyere. Modulator a nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ọsọ karịa 50Gb/s, mana ọ nwere mfu ntinye ndabere dị elu. Vpil na-ahụkarị bụ 2 V-cm. Semiconductor metal oxide (MOS) (n'ezie semiconductor-oxide-semiconductor) modulator nwere oyi akwa oxide dị mkpa na njikọ pn. Ọ na-enye ohere ụfọdụ mkpokọta ụgbọelu yana mbelata nke ndị na-ebu ya, na-enye ohere ka obere VπL dị ihe dị ka 0.2 V-cm, mana ọ nwere ọghọm nke mfu ngwa anya dị elu yana ikike dị elu kwa otu ogologo. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ndị modulator absorption nke SiGe dabere na SiGe (silicon Germanium alloy) band edge movement. Na mgbakwunye, enwere modulators graphene na-adabere na graphene ka ọ gbanwee n'etiti ọla na-amịkọrọ ọnụ na ihe mkpuchi transperent. Ndị a na-egosipụta ụdị dị iche iche nke ngwa nke usoro dị iche iche iji nweta ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa.

Ọgụgụ 10: (A) Eserese nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụdị modulator optical siliki dabere na (B) eserese akụkụ nke ihe nleba anya nyocha.

E gosipụtara ọtụtụ ihe nchọta ọkụ dabere na silicon na eserese 10B. Ihe na-adọrọ adọrọ bụ germanium (Ge). Ge nwere ike ịmịnye ọkụ n'ogologo wavelength gbadara ihe dịka 1.6 microns. Egosiri n'aka ekpe bụ nhazi ntụtụ kacha aga nke ọma n'ahịa taa. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ silicon doped ụdị P nke Ge na-eto na ya. Ge na Si nwere 4% lattice mismatch, na iji belata nkwụsịtụ ahụ, a na-ebu ụzọ too obere oyi akwa nke SiGe dị ka oyi akwa nchekwa. A na-eme doping ụdị N-n'elu oyi akwa Ge. A na-egosi fotodiode metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) n'etiti, yana APD (Igwe ihe nleba anya) egosiri n'aka nri. Mpaghara avalanche dị na APD dị na Si, nke nwere njirimara mkpọtụ dị ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere mpaghara oke oke mmiri na ihe elemental Group III-V.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, enweghị ngwọta nwere uru doro anya na ijikọ uru anya na silicon photonics. Ọgụgụ 11 na-egosi ọtụtụ nhọrọ enwere ike ịhazi site na ọkwa mgbakọ. N'akụkụ aka ekpe bụ njikọta monolithic nke gụnyere iji germanium toro epitaxially (Ge) dị ka ihe na-enweta ngwa anya, erbium-doped (Er) glass waveguides (dị ka Al2O3, nke chọrọ mgbapụta ngwa anya), na gallium arsenide toro epitaxially (GaAs). ) ntụpọ ọnụọgụgụ. Kọlụm na-esote bụ wafer na mgbakọ wafer, gụnyere oxide na njikọ organic na mpaghara uru nke III-V. Kọlụm na-esote bụ mgbakọ mgbawa-to-wafer, nke gụnyere itinye mgbawa otu III-V n'ime oghere nke silicon wafer wee na-arụzi ihe owuwu waveguide. Uru nke ụzọ kọlụm atọ mbụ a bụ na ngwaọrụ ahụ nwere ike ịnwale nke ọma n'ime wafer tupu ịcha ya. Kọlụm kachasị aka nri bụ mgbakọ mgbawa-na-chip, gụnyere njikọ kpọmkwem nke ibe silicon na ibe otu III-V, yana njikọ site na oghere na grating couplers. Ihe na-emekarị na ngwa azụmahịa na-esi n'aka nri gaa n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke chaatị ahụ gaa n'ihu na ngwọta ndị ọzọ jikọtara ọnụ.

Ọgụgụ 11: Otu esi ejikọta uru anya n'ime fotonic nke dabeere na silicon. Ka ị na-esi n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri, ebe ntinye ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ laghachi azụ na usoro ahụ.