Maka nzikọrịta ozi ngwa ngwa dị elu kọmpat nke optoelectronic IQ modulator dabere na silicon

Optoelectronic dabere na silicon kọmpatIQ modulatorn'ihi na elu-ọsọ coherent nkwurịta okwu
Ọchịchọ na-abawanye maka ọnụego nnyefe data dị elu yana ndị transceivers na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ebe data akwalitela mmepe nke arụmọrụ dị elu.ngwa anya modulators. Silicon dabeere na teknụzụ optoelectronic (SiPh) aghọwo ikpo okwu na-ekwe nkwa iji jikọta ihe dị iche iche photonic n'otu mgbawa, na-eme ka kọmpat na ngwọta dị ọnụ ala. Edemede a ga-enyocha onye na-ebu ụgbọ ala silicon IQ modulator nke dabere na GeSi EAMs, nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'otu oge ruru 75 Gbaud.
Nhazi ngwaọrụ na njirimara
Ihe modulator IQ a tụrụ anya na-anabata nhazi ogwe aka atọ kọmpat, dịka egosiri na eserese 1 (a). Gụnyere GeSi EAM atọ na ndị na-agbanwe usoro ngwa anya thermo atọ, na-ewere nhazi nke symmetrical. A na-ejikọta ọkụ ntinye n'ime mgbawa site na grating coupler (GC) ma kee ya n'ụzọ atọ site na 1 × 3 multimode interferometer (MMI). Mgbe ị gafechara modulator na onye na-agbanwe oge, ọkụ na-ejikọta ya na 1 × 3 MMI ọzọ wee jikọta ya na eriri otu ụdị (SSMF).

Ọgụgụ 1: (a) Ihe onyonyo microscopic nke modulator IQ; (b) - (d) EO S21, mkpochapụ oke ụdịdị dị iche iche, na nnyefe nke otu GeSi EAM; (e) Eserese eserese nke IQ modulator na usoro ngwa anya kwekọrọ na nke mgbanwe oge; (f) Nnọchite anya mkpochapụ onye na-ebu na ụgbọ elu dị mgbagwoju anya. Dịka egosiri na eserese 1 (b), GeSi EAM nwere bandwit electro-optic obosara. Ọnụọgụ 1 (b) tụrụ oke S21 nke otu usoro nnwale GeSi EAM site na iji 67 GHz optical components analyzer (LCA). Ọnụọgụ 1 (c) na 1 (d) n'otu n'otu na-egosipụta ụdị nhụsianya nke mkpochapụ (ER) dị na voltaji DC dị iche iche yana nnyefe na ogologo ogologo nke 1555 nanometers.
Dị ka egosiri na eserese 1 (e), isi ihe dị na nhazi a bụ ikike igbochi ndị na-ebu ngwa anya site n'ịgbanwe ihe na-agbanwe oge agbakwunyere na etiti etiti. Ọdịiche nke oge dị n'etiti ogwe aka elu na nke ala bụ π/2, ejiri mee ihe maka ntugharị mgbagwoju anya, ebe ọdịiche dị n'etiti etiti etiti bụ -3 π/4. Nhazi a na-enye ohere maka nnyonye anya na-emebi ihe na onye na-ebu ya, dị ka egosiri na ụgbọ elu mgbagwoju anya nke Figure 1 (f).
Nhazi nnwale na nsonaazụ
E gosipụtara nhazi nnwale dị elu na eserese 2 (a). A na-eji generator waveform na-eme ihe ike (Kysight M8194A) dị ka isi mmalite mgbaàmà, a na-eji usoro abụọ 60 GHz dakọtara RF amplifiers (ya na tees agbakwunyere) dị ka ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala modulator. Voltagege eletrọnịkị nke GeSi EAM bụ -2.5 V, a na-eji eriri RF nke dabara adaba iji belata ndakọrịta oge eletrik n'etiti ọwa I na Q.
Ọgụgụ 2: (a) Nhazi nnwale nnwale dị elu, (b) Nkwụsị ụgbọ ala na 70 Gbaud, (c) Ọnụ ọgụgụ njehie na ọnụego data, (d) Constellation na 70 Gbaud. Jiri laser oghere mpụga azụmahịa (ECL) nwere ogologo ahịrị 100 kHz, ogologo ikuku nke 1555 nm, yana ike nke 12 dBm dị ka onye na-ebu ngwa anya. Mgbe emegharịrị, a na-abawanye mgbama ngwa anya site na iji iheerbium-doped eriri amplifier(EDFA) iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka mfu njikọ on-chip yana mfu ntinye modulator.
Na njedebe nnata, Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) na-enyocha akara ngosi dị iche iche na nkwụsị nke ụgbọelu, dị ka e gosiri na Figure 2 (b) maka mgbama 70 Gbaud. Jiri ihe nnata na-emekọrịta ihe n'ụzọ abụọ iji nata akara, nke nwere igwe igwe ihe nleba anya ogo 90 na anọ.40 GHz fotodiodes ziri ezi, ma jikọọ ya na 33 GHz, 80 GSa/s ezigbo oscilloscope (RTO) (Igodo DSOZ634A). A na-eji isi iyi ECL nke abụọ nwere eriri 100 kHz dị ka oscillator mpaghara (LO). N'ihi onye na-ebufe na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru otu ọnọdụ polarization, ọ bụ naanị ụzọ eletrọnịkị abụọ ka a na-eji maka ntụgharị analog-to-dijital (ADC). A na-edekọ data ahụ na RTO wee hazie ya site na iji ihe nrụpụta dijitalụ dijitalụ na-anọghị n'ịntanetị (DSP).
Dị ka e gosiri na Figure 2 (c), a nwalere IQ modulator site na iji QPSK modulation format si 40 Gbaud ka 75 Gbaud. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na n'okpuru 7% mkpebi siri ike n'ihu mmezi njehie (HD-FEC), ọnụego nwere ike iru 140 Gb / s; N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke 20% nro mkpebi mmezi njehie na-aga n'ihu (SD-FEC), ọsọ nwere ike iru 150 Gb / s. E gosipụtara eserese kpakpando na 70 Gbaud na eserese 2 (d). N'ihi na-ejedebeghị site oscilloscope bandwit nke 33 GHz, nke bụ Ẹkot a mgbaama bandwit nke mkpokọta 66 Gbaud.

Dị ka egosiri na eserese 2 (b), nhazi ogwe aka atọ nwere ike igbochi ndị na-ebu ngwa anya nke ọma na ọnụego efu karịrị 30 dB. Ihe owuwu a anaghị achọ mmechi zuru oke nke onye na-ebu ya ma enwere ike iji ya na ndị na-anata nke chọrọ ụda olu iji nwetaghachi akara, dị ka ndị nnata Kramer Kronig (KK). Enwere ike idozi onye na-ebu ụgbọ ahụ site na onye na-atụgharị akụkụ etiti etiti iji nweta ihe achọrọ na-ebu gaa na sideband ratio (CSR).
Uru na Ngwa
Tụnyere ya na omenala Mach Zehnder modulators (MZM modulators) na ndị ọzọ na-eji silicon optoelectronic IQ modulators, silicon IQ modulator chọrọ nwere ọtụtụ uru. Mbụ, ọ bụ kọmpat n'ogo, ihe karịrị 10 ugboro obere karịa IQ modulators dabere naMach Zehnder modulators(ewezuga paịlị njikọ), si otú a na-abawanye njupụta njikọ na ibelata mpaghara mgbawa. Nke abuo, imewe electrode stacked anaghị achọ iji ọnụ resistors, si otú ibelata ngwaọrụ capacitance na ike kwa bit. Nke atọ, ikike nkwụsị nke ụgbọelu na-ebuli mbelata ike nnyefe, na-emewanyewanye ike ike.
Na mgbakwunye, bandwidth ngwa anya nke GeSi EAM dị obosara (karịa 30 nanometers), na-ewepụ mkpa maka sekit na-ahụ maka nzaghachi nzaghachi multi-channel na processors iji kwado ma mekọrịta resonance nke modulators microwave (MRMs), si otú ahụ na-eme ka nhazi ahụ dị mfe.
Nke a kọmpat na ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma IQ modulator dabara nke ukwuu maka ọgbọ na-abịa, ọnụ ọgụgụ ọwa dị elu, na obere transceivers na-arụkọ ọrụ na ebe data, na-eme ka ikike dị elu na nkwurịta okwu anya na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
Onye na-ebu silicon IQ modulator na-egosiputa arụmọrụ dị mma, yana ọnụego nnyefe data ruru 150 Gb/s n'okpuru ọnọdụ 20% SD-FEC. Nhazi ogwe aka 3 kọmpat ya dabere na GeSi EAM nwere uru dị ukwuu n'ihe gbasara akara ukwu, arụmọrụ ike na ịdị mfe imewe. Ihe modulator a nwere ikike igbochi ma ọ bụ mezie ngwa anya ma nwee ike ijikọ ya na nchọpụta dị n'otu na atụmatụ nchọpụta Kramer Kronig (KK) maka ndị transceivers kọmpat kọmpat ọtụtụ ahịrị. Mmezu ndị a egosipụtara na-akwalite mmezu nke ndị transceivers ngwa anya jikọtara ọnụ na nke ọma iji gboo mkpa na-eto eto maka nkwurịta okwu data dị elu na ebe data na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.