Maka nkwukọrịta dị elu nke nwere optoelectronic IQ modulator dabere na silicon,

Optoelectronic nke dabere na silicon dị obereIhe nhazi IQmaka nkwukọrịta dị mfe ma dị ọnụ ala
Ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu maka ọnụego nnyefe data dị elu na transceivers ndị na-arụ ọrụ ike karịa na ebe data emeela ka mmepe nke obere arụmọrụ dị elundị na-eme ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ ngwa anyaTeknụzụ optoelectronic nke dabeere na silicon (SiPh) aghọọla ikpo okwu na-ekwe nkwa ijikọta ọtụtụ ihe photonic na otu mgbawa, na-enye ohere ka ngwọta dị mfe ma dị ọnụ ala. Isiokwu a ga-enyocha ihe ọhụrụ na-eji silicon IQ modulator nke dabere na GeSi EAMs, nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na ugboro ole ruru 75 Gbaud.
Nhazi na njirimara ngwaọrụ
Ihe modulator IQ a tụrụ aro na-eji obere nhazi ogwe aka atọ, dịka egosiri na Foto 1 (a). Ejiri GeSi EAM atọ na mgbanwe usoro thermo optical atọ mee ya, na-eji nhazi symmetrical. A na-ejikọ ọkụ ntinye na chip site na njikọ grating (GC) ma kewaa ya n'ụzọ atọ site na 1 × 3 multimode interferometer (MMI). Mgbe ọ gafere modulator na mgbanwe usoro, a na-ejikọta ọkụ ahụ ọzọ site na 1 × 3 MMI wee jikọta ya na eriri mode otu (SSMF).

Foto 1: (a) Foto microscopic nke modulator IQ; (b) – (d) EO S21, ụdịrị oke mbibi, na nnyefe nke otu GeSi EAM; (e) eserese atụmatụ nke modulator IQ na usoro anya kwekọrọ na nke mgbanwe usoro; (f) Nnọchiteanya mgbochi ibu na mbara mgbagwoju anya. Dịka egosiri na Foto 1 (b), GeSi EAM nwere nnukwu bandwit electro-optic. Foto 1 (b) tụrụ paramita S21 nke otu nhazi ule GeSi EAM site na iji ihe nyocha ihe anya 67 GHz (LCA). Foto 1 (c) na 1 (d) n'otu n'otu na-egosi spectra nke oke mbibi static (ER) na voltaji DC dị iche iche na nnyefe na ogologo ebili mmiri nke nanomita 1555.
Dịka egosiri na Foto 1 (e), isi ihe dị na imewe a bụ ikike igbochi ndị na-ebu ihe anya site na ịgbanwe ihe mgbanwe usoro agbakọtara na ogwe aka etiti. Ọdịiche nke usoro dị n'etiti ogwe aka elu na nke ala bụ π/2, nke a na-eji maka nhazi mgbagwoju anya, ebe ọdịiche nke usoro dị n'etiti ogwe aka etiti bụ -3 π/4. Nhazi a na-enye ohere maka nnyonye anya mbibi na onye na-ebu ya, dịka egosiri na mbara mgbagwoju anya nke Foto 1 (f).
Nhazi na nsonaazụ nnwale
E gosiri nhazi nnwale dị elu na Foto nke 2 (a). A na-eji ihe na-emepụta ebili mmiri na-enweghị usoro (Keysight M8194A) dị ka isi iyi mgbaàmà, a na-ejikwa amplifiers RF abụọ dakọtara na 60 GHz (ya na tees bias agbakọtara) dị ka ndị na-anya modulator. Voltaji bias nke GeSi EAM bụ -2.5 V, a na-ejikwa eriri RF dakọtara na phase iji belata enweghị nkwekọ nke phase eletriki n'etiti ọwa I na Q.
Foto nke 2: (a) Ntọala nnwale ọsọ dị elu, (b) Mbelata onye na-ebu ibu na 70 Gbaud, (c) Ọnụego njehie na ọnụego data, (d) Mkpọda kpakpando na 70 Gbaud. Jiri laser oghere mpụga azụmahịa (ECL) nke nwere obosara ahịrị nke 100 kHz, ogologo ebili mmiri nke 1555 nm, na ike nke 12 dBm dị ka onye na-ebu ngwa anya. Mgbe mgbanwe gasịrị, a na-eme ka akara anya dịkwuo elu site na ijiihe na-eme ka eriri erbium dị n'ime ya(EDFA) iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka mfu njikọ n'elu-chip na mfu ntinye modulator.
N'ebe a na-anata ya, onye na-enyocha Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) na-enyocha ụdị mgbaàmà na njide ihe na-ebu ibu, dịka egosiri na Foto 2 (b) maka akara Gbaud 70. Jiri onye na-anabata polarization abụọ nwere njikọ iji nata akara, nke nwere igwekota optical ogo 90 na anọ.Fotodiod ndị nwere nhazi 40 GHz, ma jikọọ ya na oscilloscope real-time 33 GHz, 80 GSa/s (RTO) (Keysight DSOZ634A). A na-eji isi iyi ECL nke abụọ nwere obosara ahịrị nke 100 kHz dị ka oscillator mpaghara (LO). N'ihi na onye na-ebufe ozi na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ polarization otu, naanị ọwa eletrọniki abụọ ka eji maka mgbanwe analog-na-dijitalụ (ADC). A na-edekọ data ahụ na RTO ma hazie ya site na iji ihe nhazi akara dijitalụ na-anọghị n'ịntanetị (DSP).
Dịka egosiri na Foto nke 2 (c), a nwalere ihe na-eme ka ... ọ ghara ịdị mma site na iji usoro nhazi QPSK site na Gbaud ruo Gbaud 75. Nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na ọ bụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ nhazi QPSK siri ike (HD-FEC), ọsọ ya nwere ike iru 140 Gb/s; N'okpuru ọnọdụ nhazi njehie dị nro nke 20% (SD-FEC), ọsọ ya nwere ike iru 150 Gb/s. E gosiri eserese kpakpando na 70 Gbaud na Foto nke 2 (d). A na-ebelata nsonaazụ ya site na oscilloscope bandwidth nke 33 GHz, nke dabara na bandwit mgbaama nke ihe dị ka Gbaud 66.

Dịka egosiri na Foto nke 2 (b), nhazi ogwe aka atọ ahụ nwere ike igbochi ndị na-ebu ihe anya nke ọma site na ọsọ oghere gafere 30 dB. Nhazi a achọghị ka ejiri ihe ahụ gbochie ya kpamkpam, a pụkwara iji ya na ndị na-anabata ihe ndị chọrọ ụda ihe iji weghachite akara, dịka ndị na-anabata ihe Kramer Kronig (KK). Enwere ike ịgbanwe ihe ahụ site na mgbanwe ogwe aka etiti iji nweta oke ihe achọrọ maka ihe na-ebu ihe na akụkụ aka (CSR).
Uru na Ngwa
Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-eme ihe nhazi Mach Zehnder ọdịnala (ndị na-eme ka MZM rụọ ọrụ) na ndị ọzọ na-eme ka silicon dị ka ihe ... ọ dị mma nwere ọtụtụ uru. Nke mbụ, ọ dị obere n'ogo, ihe karịrị okpukpu iri ka ọ dị obere karịa ihe na-eme ka IQ dị obere dabere na ya.Ndị na-eme ihe nhazi Mach Zehnder(ewezuga ihe njikọ), si otú a na-amụba njupụta njikọta ma na-ebelata mpaghara mgbawa. Nke abụọ, nhazi elektrọd a gbakọtara anaghị achọ iji ihe mgbochi njedebe, si otú a na-ebelata ikike ngwaọrụ na ike kwa bit. Nke atọ, ikike mgbochi ibugharị na-eme ka mbelata ike nnyefe dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka arụmọrụ ike ka mma.
Tinyere nke ahụ, bandwit anya nke GeSi EAM sara mbara nke ukwuu (ihe karịrị nanomita 30), na-ewepụ mkpa ọ dị maka sekit njikwa nzaghachi ọtụtụ ọwa na ndị nhazi iji mee ka resonance nke microwave modulators (MRMs) kwụsie ike ma mekọrịta, si otú a na-eme ka imewe ahụ dị mfe.
Ngwa IQ modulator a dị obere ma dị irè dabara nke ọma maka ọgbọ na-abịa, ọnụọgụ ọwa dị elu, na obere transceivers na-ejikọta ọnụ na ebe data, na-eme ka ikike dị elu na nkwukọrịta anya na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa.
Igwe eji eme ihe na silicon IQ modulator nke na-ebu ibu na-egosipụta arụmọrụ dị mma, yana ọnụego nnyefe data ruru 150 Gb/s n'okpuru 20% SD-FEC. Nhazi ya dị obere nke nwere ogwe aka atọ dabere na GeSi EAM nwere uru dị ukwuu n'ihe gbasara akara ụkwụ, arụmọrụ ike, na mfe imewe. Igwe eji eme ihe a nwere ike igbochi ma ọ bụ gbanwee ihe eji eme ihe anya ma enwere ike ijikọ ya na nchọpụta coherent na atụmatụ nchọpụta Kramer Kronig (KK) maka transceivers dị iche iche. Mmezu ndị a gosipụtara na-akpali mmezu nke transceivers anya dị elu ma dị irè iji gboo mkpa na-eto eto maka nkwukọrịta data dị elu na ebe data na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.