Ụkpụrụ na ụdị nke laser

Ụkpụrụ na ụdị nkelaser
Kedu ihe bụ laser?
LASER (Mmụba ọkụ site na akpali akpali nke Radiation); Iji nweta echiche ka mma, lelee onyonyo n'okpuru:

Atọm dị n'ogo ike dị elu na-agafe n'otu oge gaa n'ogo ike dị ala wee na-ewepụta foton, usoro a na-akpọ radieshon na-apụtaghị ìhè.
Enwere ike ịghọta ihe a ma ama dị ka: bọọlụ dị n'ala bụ ọnọdụ ya kachasị mma, mgbe a na-agbanye bọl ahụ n'ikuku site na ike mpụga (nke a na-akpọ pumping), mgbe ike mpụga na-apụ n'anya, bọl ahụ na-ada site na elu elu, ma hapụ ya. ike ụfọdụ. Ọ bụrụ na bọọlụ ahụ bụ atọm akọwapụtara, mgbe ahụ atom ahụ na-ewepụta foton nke ogologo ogologo ogologo n'oge mgbanwe.

Nhazi nke lasers
Ndị mmadụ maara ụkpụrụ nke ọgbọ laser, malitere ịzụlite ụdị dị iche iche nke laser, ma ọ bụrụ na dị ka laser na-arụ ọrụ ihe na-ekewa, nwere ike kewaa gas laser, siri ike laser, semiconductor laser, wdg.
1, gas laser nhazi ọkwa: atọm, molekul, ion;
Ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke laser gas bụ gas ma ọ bụ uzuoku ígwè, nke a na-eji n'ogologo ogologo oge nke mmepụta laser. Ihe na-emekarị bụ laser CO2, nke CO2 na-eji dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ na-emepụta laser infrared nke 10.6um site na mkpali nke mgbapụta eletrik.
N'ihi na ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke laser gas bụ gas, n'ozuzu nhazi nke laser dị oke ibu, na ogologo oge mmepụta nke laser gas dị ogologo, ọrụ nhazi ihe adịghị mma. Ya mere, n'oge na-adịghị anya, a kpochapụrụ laser gas n'ahịa, a na-ejikwa ya naanị na mpaghara ụfọdụ akọwapụtara, dị ka akara laser nke ụfọdụ akụkụ plastik.
2, siri ike lasernhazi ọkwa: ruby, Nd:YAG, wdg;
Ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke laser steeti siri ike bụ ruby, iko neodymium, Yttrium aluminom garnet (YAG), wdg, nke bụ obere ion nke etinyere n'otu n'otu na kristal ma ọ bụ iko nke ihe dị ka matrix, nke a na-akpọ ions na-arụ ọrụ.
Laser steeti siri ike mejupụtara ihe na-arụ ọrụ, sistemu mgbapụta, resonator na usoro jụrụ oyi na nzacha.Oghere ojii dị n'etiti onyonyo dị n'okpuru ebe a bụ kristal laser, nke dị ka iko transperent na-acha ọkụ na nwere kristal transperent doped nke nwere ọla ụwa dị ụkọ. Ọ bụ ihe owuwu pụrụ iche nke atom metal na-adịghị ahụkebe nke na-eme ka ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụgụ ọnụọgụgụ mgbe ọkụ na-enwu (naanị ghọta na ọtụtụ bọọlụ na ala na-agbanye n'ime ikuku), wee pụta photons mgbe akụkụ ahụ gbanwere, na mgbe. ọnụ ọgụgụ nke photon zuru ezu, nhazi nke laser. Iji hụ na a na-emepụta laser a na-emepụta n'otu ntụziaka, e nwere enyo zuru ezu (lens aka ekpe) na enyo mmepụta ihe na-egbuke egbuke (lens ziri ezi). Mgbe laser mmepụta na mgbe ahụ site na ụfọdụ ngwa anya imewe, e guzobere ike laser.

3, semiconductor laser
A bịa n'ihe gbasara lasers semiconductor, enwere ike ịghọta ya dị ka fotodiode, enwere njikọ PN na diode, na mgbe etinyere ụfọdụ ugbu a, a na-emepụta mgbanwe elektrọnik na semiconductor iji hapụ photons, na-akpata laser. Mgbe ike laser nke semiconductor wepụtara dị ntakịrị, enwere ike iji ngwaọrụ semiconductor dị ala dị ka isi iyi mgbapụta (isi iyi egwu) nkeeriri laser, ya mere a na-emepụta laser fiber. Ọ bụrụ na ike nke laser semiconductor na-abawanye ruo n'ókè na ọ nwere ike ịpụta ozugbo iji hazie ihe, ọ na-aghọ laser semiconductor kpọmkwem. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, lasers semiconductor kpọmkwem na ahịa eruola ọkwa 10,000-watt.

Na mgbakwunye na ọtụtụ lasers dị n'elu, ndị mmadụ emepụtawokwa lasers mmiri mmiri, nke a makwaara dị ka lasers mmanụ ọkụ. Laser Liquid dị mgbagwoju anya na olu na ihe na-arụ ọrụ karịa ihe siri ike ma anaghị adịkarị eji.