Mmalite na ọganihu nke teknụzụ CPO optoelectronic co-nkwakọ ngwaahịa Nkebi nke abụọ

Evolushọn na ọganihu nke CPOoptoelectronicteknụzụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-ejikọ aka

Ngwakọta optoelectronic abụghị teknụzụ ọhụrụ, enwere ike ịchọpụta mmepe ya na 1960s, mana n'oge a, ngwakọta photoelectric bụ naanị ngwugwu dị mfe nkengwaọrụ optoelectronicọnụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1990, ka mmụba nkemodulu nkwukọrịta ngwa anyaụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, imepụta ihe mkpuchi fotoelectric malitere ịpụta ìhè. Site na mmụba nke ike kọmputa dị elu na ọchịchọ bandwidth dị elu n'afọ a, imepụta ihe mkpuchi fotoelectric, na teknụzụ alaka ya metụtara ya, enwetawo nnukwu nlebara anya ọzọ.
N'ime mmepe nke teknụzụ, ọkwa ọ bụla nwekwara ụdị dị iche iche, site na 2.5D CPO nke kwekọrọ na mkpa 20/50Tb/s, ruo 2.5D Chiplet CPO nke kwekọrọ na mkpa 50/100Tb/s, wee mechaa nweta 3D CPO nke kwekọrọ na ọnụego 100Tb/s.

Ihe mkpuchi CPO nke 2.5D na-ekpuchimodulu ngwa anyana mgbawa mgbanyụ netwọk n'otu substrate ahụ iji belata anya ahịrị ma mee ka njupụta I/O dịkwuo elu, CPO 3D na-ejikọkwa IC anya ozugbo na oyi akwa etiti iji nweta njikọ nke pitch I/O nke na-erughị 50um. Ebumnuche nke mgbanwe ya doro anya nke ukwuu, nke bụ ibelata anya dị n'etiti modulu mgbanwe fotoelectric na mgbawa mgbanyụ netwọk ruo n'ókè o kwere mee.
Ugbu a, CPO ka dị obere, a ka nwekwara nsogbu dịka obere mmepụta na ọnụ ahịa mmezi dị elu, ọ bụkwa naanị ndị nrụpụta ole na ole nọ n'ahịa nwere ike inye ngwaahịa ndị metụtara CPO zuru oke. Naanị Broadcom, Marvell, Intel, na ole na ole ndị ọzọ nwere ngwọta nkeonwe zuru oke n'ahịa.
Marvell webatara mgbanwe teknụzụ CPO 2.5D site na iji usoro VIA-LAST n'afọ gara aga. Mgbe emechara nhazi nke silicon optical chip, a na-eji ikike nhazi nke OSAT hazie TSV, wee tinye mgbawa ọkụ eletrik na mgbawa silicon optical. A na-ejikọ modulu optical 16 na mgbawa mgbanwe Marvell Teralynx7 na PCB iji mepụta mgbanwe, nke nwere ike iru ọnụego mgbanwe nke 12.8Tbps.

Na OFC nke afọ a, Broadcom na Marvell gosikwara ọgbọ kachasị ọhụrụ nke chips switch 51.2Tbps site na iji teknụzụ optoelectronic co-packaging.
Site na nkọwa teknụzụ CPO nke Broadcom kachasị ọhụrụ, ngwugwu CPO 3D site na mmezi nke usoro iji nweta njupụta I/O dị elu, oriri ike CPO ruo 5.5W/800G, oke arụmọrụ ike dị mma nke ukwuu arụmọrụ dị mma nke ukwuu. N'otu oge ahụ, Broadcom na-agbakwa ọsọ ruo otu ebili mmiri nke 200Gbps na 102.4T CPO.
Cisco amụbaala itinye ego ya na teknụzụ CPO, ma mee ngosipụta ngwaahịa CPO na OFC nke afọ a, na-egosi mkpokọta teknụzụ CPO ya na ojiji ya na multiplexer/demultiplexer agbakwunyere. Cisco kwuru na ya ga-eme nnwale nke CPO na swiitị 51.2Tb, wee soro ya na nnukwu nnabata na usoro swiitị 102.4Tb.
Intel ewepụtala mgbanwe ndị dabere na CPO ogologo oge, n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Intel anọgidewokwa na-arụkọ ọrụ na Ayar Labs iji chọpụta ngwọta njikọ njikọta bandwidth dị elu nke ejiri aka jikọta ọnụ, na-emeghe ụzọ maka mmepụta nke ngwa njikọ optoelectronic na ngwaọrụ njikọ anya.
Ọ bụ ezie na modulu ndị a na-etinye n'ime ihe ka bụ nhọrọ mbụ, mmezi arụmọrụ ike zuru oke nke CPO nwere ike iweta adọtala ọtụtụ ndị nrụpụta. Dịka LightCounting si kwuo, mbupu CPO ga-amalite ịbawanye nke ukwuu site na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 800G na 1.6T, jiri nwayọ malite ịdị na ahịa site na 2024 ruo 2025, ma mepụta nnukwu olu site na 2026 ruo 2027. N'otu oge ahụ, CIR na-atụ anya na ego ahịa nke mkpokọta mkpuchi fotoelectric ga-eru ijeri $5.4 na 2027.

Na mbido afọ a, TSMC kwupụtara na ya na Broadcom, Nvidia na ndị ahịa buru ibu ndị ọzọ ga-ejikọ aka ọnụ mepụta teknụzụ silicon photonics, ihe ndị mejupụtara ngwugwu ngwa anya nkịtị CPO na ngwaahịa ọhụrụ ndị ọzọ, teknụzụ nhazi site na 45nm ruo 7nm, ma kwuo na ọkara nke abụọ kachasị ọsọ nke afọ na-abịa malitere iru nnukwu usoro, 2025 ma ọ bụ ihe dị ka ya iji ruo ọkwa olu.
Dịka ngalaba teknụzụ dị iche iche nke gụnyere ngwaọrụ fotonik, sekit agbakwunyere, nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ihe nlereanya na ihe ngosi, teknụzụ CPO na-egosipụta mgbanwe ndị sitere na njikọ optoelectronic, mgbanwe ndị e wetara na nnyefe data na-emebi ihe n'enweghị mgbagha. Ọ bụ ezie na itinye CPO n'ọrụ nwere ike ịhụ naanị na nnukwu ebe data ruo ogologo oge, na mmụba nke ike kọmputa buru ibu na mkpa bandwidth dị elu, teknụzụ co-seal CPO aghọọla ọgbọ agha ọhụrụ.
A pụrụ ịhụ na ndị nrụpụta na-arụ ọrụ na CPO na-ekwenyekarị na 2025 ga-abụ isi ihe, nke bụkwa node nwere ọnụego mgbanwe nke 102.4Tbps, a ga-emekwa ka ọghọm nke modulu pluggable dịkwuo elu. Ọ bụ ezie na ngwa CPO nwere ike ịbịa nwayọ, ngwungwu opto-electronic bụ naanị ụzọ isi nweta ọsọ dị elu, bandwidth dị elu na obere ike netwọk.