N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Institute of Applied Physics nke Russian Academy of Sciences webatara eXawatt Center for Extreme Light Study (XCELS), mmemme nyocha maka nnukwu ngwaọrụ sayensị dabere na oke okelasers dị ike dị eluỌrụ a gụnyere iwuli nke nnukwulaser dị ike nke ukwuudabere na teknụzụ mmụba pulse nke a na-akpọ "optical parametric chip pulse amplification" na kristal potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP, usoro kemịkalụ KD2PO4), yana mkpokọta mmepụta nke 600 PW ike kacha elu. Ọrụ a na-enye nkọwa dị mkpa na nchọpụta nyocha gbasara ọrụ XCELS na sistemụ laser ya, na-akọwa ngwa na mmetụta nwere ike metụtara mmekọrịta ubi ọkụ siri ike nke ukwuu.
E mere atụmatụ mmemme XCELS na 2011 na ebumnuche mbụ nke iru ike kachasị elu.lasermmepụta mkpali nke 200 PW, nke a na-emelite ugbu a ruo 600 PW.sistemụ laserna-adabere na teknụzụ atọ dị mkpa:
(1) A na-eji teknụzụ Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) kama iji teknụzụ Chirped Pulse Amplification (Chirped Pulse Amplification, OPCPA). CPA) eme ihe;
(2) Site na iji DKDP dị ka ihe na-eme ka uru dịkwuo elu, a na-enweta njikọ usoro ultra wideband dị nso na ogologo 910 nm;
(3) A na-eji nnukwu laser iko neodymium aperture nke nwere ike mkpali nke puku kwuru puku joules iji gbapụta ihe na-eme ka amplifier parametric pụta.
A na-ahụkarị njikọta usoro nke Ultra-wideband n'ọtụtụ kristal ma a na-eji ya na laser femtosecond OPCPA. A na-eji kristal DKDP eme ihe n'ihi na ha bụ naanị ihe a na-ahụ n'ọrụ nke enwere ike itolite ruo ọtụtụ sentimita iri nke oghere ma n'otu oge ahụ nwee àgwà anya a na-anabata iji kwado mmụba nke ike multi-PW.lasersAchọpụtara na mgbe ọkụ ugboro abụọ nke laser iko ND na-agba kristal DKDP, ọ bụrụ na ogologo ebili mmiri nke mkpali amplified bụ 910 nm, okwu atọ mbụ nke mgbasawanye Taylor nke enweghị nkwekọ vector ebili bụ 0.
Foto nke 1 bụ nhazi atụmatụ nke sistemụ laser XCELS. N'ihu ya, a na-emepụta mkpọtụ femtosecond nke nwere ogologo ebili mmiri etiti nke 910 nm (1.3 na Foto nke 1) na mkpali nanosecond 1054 nm nke a gbanyere n'ime laser OPCPA a na-akpọ "pumped laser" (1.1 na 1.2 na Foto nke 1). N'ihu ya, a na-ahụkwa na njikọta nke mkpali ndị a yana paramita ike na spatiotemporal achọrọ. OPCPA dị n'etiti na-arụ ọrụ na ọnụego ugboro ugboro dị elu (1 Hz) na-eme ka mkpali ahụ dịkwuo elu ruo ọtụtụ iri joules (2 na Foto nke 1). A na-eme ka mkpali ahụ dịkwuo elu site na Booster OPCPA n'ime otu kilojoule beam ma kewaa ya n'ime obere ogwe iri na abụọ yiri ya (4 na Foto nke 1). Na OPCPA nke 12 ikpeazụ, a na-eme ka mkpali ọkụ 12 nke ọ bụla n'ime ọkwa kilojoule (5 na Foto nke 1) wee jiri gratings mkpakọ 12 (GC nke 6 na Foto nke 1) kpachie ya. A na-eji nzacha mgbasa ozi acousto-optic eme ihe n'ihu iji chịkwaa mgbasa ọsọ otu na mgbasa ozi dị elu, ka o wee nweta obere obosara mkpali enwere ike. Ọkwa pulse nwere ọdịdị nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ supergauss nke 12, na bandwit spectral na 1% nke uru kachasị bụ 150 nm, nke kwekọrọ na obosara mkpali Fourier nke 17 fs. N'ịtụle nkwụghachi mgbasa zuru oke na ihe isi ike nke nkwụghachi nke usoro na-abụghị ahịrị na amplifiers parametric, obosara pulse a tụrụ anya ya bụ 20 fs.
Laser XCELS ga-eji modulu abụọ abụọ nke UFL-2M nke nwere ike okpukpu abụọ nke laser neodymium glass frequency twoules (3 na Foto 1), nke a ga-eji ọwa iri na atọ mee ka Booster OPCPA na OPCPA iri na abụọ ikpeazụ. A ga-eji ọwa atọ ndị ọzọ dị ka nanosecond kilojoule pulsed onwe ha.isi mmalite lasermaka nnwale ndị ọzọ. Site na oke mmebi anya nke kristal DKDP, ike radieshon nke pumped pulse ka edobere na 1.5 GW/cm2 maka ọwa ọ bụla ma oge ya bụ 3.5 ns.
Ọwa ọ bụla nke laser XCELS na-emepụta pulses nwere ike nke 50 PW. Ngụkọta ọwa iri na abụọ na-enye ike mmepụta zuru oke nke 600 PW. N'ime ụlọ ebumnuche bụ isi, ike itinye uche kachasị elu nke ọwa ọ bụla n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị mma bụ 0.44 × 1025 W/cm2, na-eche na ejiri ihe ndị na-elekwasị anya F/1 mee ihe maka itinye uche. Ọ bụrụ na etinyere pulse nke ọwa ọ bụla ruo 2.6 fs site na usoro post-compression, a ga-amụba ike mmepụta kwekọrọ na ya ruo 230 PW, nke kwekọrọ na ike ọkụ nke 2.0 × 1025 W/cm2.
Iji nweta ike ọkụ ka ukwuu, na mmepụta 600 PW, a ga-elekwasị anya na pulses ìhè dị na ọwa 12 ahụ na geometry nke inverse dipole radieshon, dịka egosiri na Foto 2. Mgbe a kpọchiri usoro pulse na ọwa ọ bụla, ike elekwasị anya nwere ike iru 9 × 1025 W/cm2. Ọ bụrụ na akpọchiri ma mekọrịta usoro pulse ọ bụla, a ga-amụba ike ọkụ nke na-esite na ya ruo 3.2 × 1026 W/cm2. Na mgbakwunye na ụlọ ebumnuche bụ isi, ọrụ XCELS gụnyere ụlọ nyocha ndị ọrụ ruru 10, nke ọ bụla na-enweta otu ma ọ bụ karịa bulbs maka nnwale. Site na iji ubi ọkụ siri ike a, ọrụ XCELS na-eme atụmatụ ime nnwale na ngalaba anọ: usoro electrodynamics quantum na ubi laser siri ike; Mmepụta na ime ngwa ngwa nke ihe ndị ahụ; Mmepụta nke radieshon electromagnetic nke abụọ; astrophysics ụlọ nyocha, usoro njupụta ike dị elu na nchọpụta nchọpụta.
FIG. 2 Ọdịdị geometry na-elekwasị anya n'ime ụlọ ebumnuche bụ isi. Maka idoanya doro anya, a na-edozi enyo parabolic nke beam 6 ka ọ doo anya, ebe oghere ntinye na mmepụta na-egosi naanị ọwa abụọ 1 na 7.
Foto nke 3 na-egosi nhazi oghere nke mpaghara ọrụ ọ bụla nke sistemụ laser XCELS n'ụlọ nnwale ahụ. Ọkụ eletrik, ọkpọkọ ikuku, ọgwụgwọ mmiri, nhicha na ntụ oyi dị n'ime ụlọ dị n'okpuru ala. Mpaghara owuwu dum karịrị 24,000 m2. Oke oriri ike niile dị ihe dị ka 7.5 MW. Ụlọ nnwale ahụ nwere etiti oghere dị n'ime na ngalaba mpụga, nke ọ bụla wuru na ntọala abụọ a gbanyere agbagọ. A na-etinye sistemu ikuku na ndị ọzọ na-akpali mkpọtụ na ntọala ahụ nke dịpụrụ adịpụ, nke mere na oke nke nsogbu a na-ebuga na sistemụ laser site na ntọala na nkwado ahụ belatara ruo ihe na-erughị 10-10 g2/Hz na oke ugboro nke 1-200 Hz. Na mgbakwunye, a na-etinye netwọk nke ihe nrịbama geodesic na ụlọ laser iji nyochaa mbugharị nke ala na akụrụngwa n'usoro.
Ọrụ XCELS na-achọ ịmepụta nnukwu ebe nyocha sayensị dabere na laser ike dị elu nke ukwuu. Otu ọwa nke sistemụ laser XCELS nwere ike inye ike ọkụ elekwasịrị anya ọtụtụ ugboro karịa 1024 W/cm2, nke enwere ike karịa 1025 W/cm2 site na teknụzụ post-compression. Site na mkpali dipole-focusing site na ọwa 12 na sistemụ laser, enwere ike nweta ike dị nso na 1026 W/cm2 ọbụlagodi na-enweghị mkpakọ na mkpọchi usoro. Ọ bụrụ na akpọchiri njikọ usoro n'etiti ọwa, ike ọkụ ga-adị elu karịa ọtụtụ ugboro. Site na iji ike mkpali ndekọ ndị a na nhazi ogwe ọkụ dị iche iche, ụlọ ọrụ XCELS n'ọdịnihu ga-enwe ike ime nnwale nwere oke ike, nkesa ubi ọkụ dị mgbagwoju anya, ma chọpụta mmekọrịta site na iji ogwe laser ọtụtụ ọwa na radieshon nke abụọ. Nke a ga-arụ ọrụ pụrụ iche na ngalaba nke physics nnwale ubi electromagnetic siri ike nke ukwuu.
Oge ozi: Maachị-26-2024